The Civil Rights Movement Essay -- peaceful protests, civil disobedien

The social equality development in the twentieth century denoted a significant point in the changing of race relations in the United States. Before and during the social equality development, African-Americans confronted legitimately endorsed mistreatment and Jim Crow equity because of white Americans. Tranquil fights and different techniques for common rebellion were regularly met with animosity and viciousness from whites. Albeit lawfully reserving the option to cast a ballot since the nineteenth century, numerous African-Americans couldn't rehearse their right. Survey charges and frequently by and large brutality made practicing their entitlement to cast a ballot troublesome and risky. In 1961, Robert Parris Moses attempted to enroll individual African-Americans to cast a ballot, and he and his collaborators were met with much opposition from the white network. Alongside other SNCC laborers who consequently went along with him and nearby blacks who upheld them, Moses was bothered and beaten; he was imprisoned a few times. The danger of viciousness disheartened most blacks from enrolling (Albert, 69). In the consequence of Brown versus the Board of Education, the Supreme Court decided that isolation was unlawful. This choice turned around the past choice on account of Plessy versus Ferguson, deciding for the lawfulness of the partition of races, as long as the offices were equivalent. After the lawful completion of isolation, one of the major focal points of African-Americans was to coordinate schools. They needed their youngsters to profit by the better offices of the schools for white kids. Lamentably, the coordination of schools was additionally met with obstruction and viciousness from white networks. The experience of Fred Schuttlesworth, indicated left, and his significant other, while attempting to join up with a white high s... ... by neighborhood police offices. Regardless of whether the neighborhood police offices were constrained energetically, it is anything but difficult to envision what a small number of confronted prison time reasonable discipline when being attempted before a jury of their white companions. Nearby police powers even energized vigilante equity by turning detainees over after their discharge, another represent which members were doubtlessly not considered responsible. The rough stories that can be recounted occasions during the social liberties development outline the way wherein race, brutality and wrongdoing consolidate, in a way that is hard for some youthful Americans to relate with. Works Cited Albert, Peter J. furthermore, Ronald Hoffman Ed. We Shall Overcome: Martin Luther King, Jr. also, the Black Freedom Struggle. New York: Da Capo Press,c. 1990 Branch, Taylor. Mainstay of Fire: America in the King Years 1963 - 65. New York: Simon and Schuster. c. 1998.

Assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Assigment - Essay Example kages to comprehend their changing needs of the youngsters and order data that can be abused to accomplish socio-psychological development of kids with inability. Besides, parents’ cooperation additionally guarantees that they are likewise ready to advance and embrace better approaches for adding to their child’s improvement. The shared methodology in this manner gets one of the most relevant parts of IDEA to enable kids with handicap and encourages cause them to adjust to changes with composure. The rating of Ashland Middle School, Ohio was extraordinary for the 2010-11. Despite the fact that the school score perfectly in the greater part of the legends vis-à -vis state marker (5 out of 6), execution pointer (97.4%) and esteem included measures, it was all things considered not ready to meet AYP. AYP is significant measures to meet objectives set for perusing and numerical proficiencies as applied to ten understudies gathering.. The school couldn't meet the numerical capability for understudies with handicaps. This year, the school would concentrate on the accomplishment of scientific proficiencies of the understudies with inabilities by utilizing exceptional devices like PCs and

Social Reinforcement and Behavior

Social Reinforcement and Behavior Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Social Reinforcement and Behavior By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on August 12, 2019 Martin Barraud / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology There are many different types of reinforcement, but when it comes to human beings, one of the most common is the naturally occurring social reinforcers that we encounter all around us every day. Social reinforcement refers to reinforcers such as smiles, acceptance, praise, acclaim, and attention from other people. In some cases, simply being in the presence of other people can serve as a natural social reinforcement. How Does Social Reinforcement Work? In a famous study conducted in 1968, researchers looked at school-age children who spent little time studying. The children were then given praise and attention for their study efforts. The researchers found that children studied up to twice as much when given social reinforcement than they did before when they received no such reinforcement. In some cases, this attention does not even need to come from an outside source. Self-reinforcement is a concept highly related to social reinforcement that involves giving yourself approval for your own behavior. We often respond to our own behavior with approval or disapproval, judging our actions just as we would those of another individual. When you do something well, you might praise yourself and feel proud of your accomplishment. If you do poorly, you might engage in self-recrimination or self-blame. In some cases, you might actually reward yourself more overtly when you accomplish a goal that you have set for yourself. For example, you might buy yourself a new pair of jeans after you reach your target weight or you might treat yourself to an indulgent dinner after completing a difficult school project. The Importance of Social Reinforcement Researchers have found that social reinforcement can play a vital role in a variety of areas, including health. The influence of people in our social networks can influence the type of health choices and decisions that we make. In a 2010 article from The New York Times, writer Natasha Singer explains, The amount of social reinforcement you give to people to improve their health habits may be more important than who is encouraging them to do so. In other words, a local community network of friends and neighbors may be more important than a remote celebrity spokesman in stopping the spread of, say, sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. Such social reinforcement can also be helpful when trying to achieve a health-related goal such as becoming more physically fit. Enlisting the help of friends and finding people to exercise with can help inspire people to persevere and achieve their goals. What Is Negative Reinforcement?

Recruitment Strategies Used in Mount Sinai Hospital Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Due to which, the hospital is facing a huge dilemma regarding vacancy but almost impossible to resolve. This is mainly due to huge discrepancies within the departments, dealing with the issue of recruitment (Henry 1994). Presently Mount Sinai has introduced a new workforce plan with a prime initiative to reduce the turnover costs and resolve the problem of open vacancies within the hospital. In order to resolve this issue, the hospital’s organizational development and workforce planning director expressed her tactical views towards it. She described that in order to resolve the problem of open vacancy, exact and best candidates are to be searched, best fitted for the job. Along with this, she also stated that, it is our duty to look into the matter of funding as well to make more effective (Freeman, 2010). Currently the hospital is suffering the trouble of staff shortage mainly in the area of direct patient care such as nurses. Due to which, service towards the patients gets hampered to a considerable basis. Moreover, as many registered nurses are not ready to take up their position and responsibilities, higher-authorities of the hospital decided to improve the nursing manager unit. We will write a custom essay sample on Recruitment Strategies Used in Mount Sinai Hospital or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It decided to introduce many new opportunities so as to invite talented volunteers and qualified individuals (Freeman, 2010). Besides due to communication gap within the members of the recruitment authority, the issue of vacant positions is increasing day by day. Moreover, maximum extent of the selected applicants, are not even notified about their interview results. As a result, the candidates remain in an utter confusion, about their selection process. Due to these above mentioned defects, the vacancy of Mount Sinai never gets fulfilled. It remains open, due to such communicational discrepancies(Mount Sinai Hospital, 2012). Critical Analysis of the Problem One vital reason for which the Mount Sinai hospital is facing problems in recruitment includes improper notification process. Apart from this, delay in the process of follow ups, and confusion in decision making procedure regarding the type of posts are certain other striking reasons of open vacancies of Mount Sinai hospital. Dissatisfaction in these areas renders draining of competent candidates due to high level of un-satisfaction with the recruiting procedure of the organization. Other than this, they take it as a negative response from the organization, thus affecting the organizations ability to recruit and retain potential talented human resource.

Review Of The Piano Essay - 1766 Words

Sebastian leaned against the piano and tested the strings of his violin while his cousin, Billy, sat on the sofa, reading the Daily Alta California and petting Amadeus, who lay sprawled across the cushions beside him. They still had quite a bit to do before they set sail tomorrow, but he knew there’d be no rushing Lucy. Rather than fret, he rosined his bow and examined the sparse parlor with a critical eye. Aside from the piano, only a few pieces of furniture, all scratched and dinged from their trip west, adorned the room. No paintings or artwork of any kind hung from the walls, and only a threadbare rug covered the floor. Certainly a far cry from the fancy drawing rooms to which Melissa would be accustomed. Yet, he supposed her opinion didn’t matter much as long as he could keep her from changing her mind. Besides, if anything chased her off, he doubted it would be their dà ©cor or lack thereof. He loved his family, but they would never be as high class as the doà ±a. He could only hope they didn’t say or do something deemed so uncouth as to make her second guess her decision. He knew enough society ladies back home in Boston to know that most of them were easily put off by the most trivial breach of manners. Then again, Melissa seemed very desperate to get to home. Maybe enough to overlook a few slight transgressions. As long as everyone minded their manners, avoided any discussion involving his unconventional parents, and no one inadvertently mentioned Lucy’s condition, heShow MoreRelatedReview Of Claude Debussy s The Piano 1965 Words   |  8 PagesAchille-Claude Debussy, commonly known as Claude Debussy, is one of the world’s most famous Classical composers. His extreme talent at the piano is undeniable, and his life story is fascinating. Debussy was able to grow as an artist throughout his lifetime and continue this recognition long past his death. By creating a new and beautiful sound with the piano, Debussy was able to become one of the greatest composers of all time within the classical period that has lead to all different types of peopleRead MoreBeethoven Concert Symphony No 61128 Words   |  5 Pagesthe â€Å"Emperor† Piano Concerto, one named by Ludwi g van Beethoven and the other by a friend, are splendid examples of Beethoven’s musical acumen. These pieces are more formally known as Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 and Piano Concerto No. 5. This concert report will cover both pieces and will contain my impressions of each piece. Symphony No. 6 â€Å"Pastorale† was performed by the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen, and was conducted by Paavo Jarvi during their Beethoven series. Piano Concerto No. 5Read More A Concert Performance to Remember Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages Teacher Comment: As a part of the requirement for this course, each student must attend two live performances and submit a concert report on each. 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Even though this is not my type of music I will try toRead MoreCrazy Face Van Morrison, Music Review Essay585 Words   |  3 PagesCrazy Face The song I chose to review is â€Å"Crazy Face† by Van Morrison on the album â€Å"His Band and the Street Choir†. The tone color of this song is upbeat and jazzy, not so much inspirational, but laid back and pleasant. The tempo is based around an 8th note signature, mostly displayed by the Hi-hat in what I would classify as allegretto. The instruments involved in this song are; a piano, a standard drum set most likely a five piece with a standard 2 toms maybe 3, bass drum, snare, ride symbolRead MoreAna Vidovic, Croatian Virtuosa Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesA. I listened to the famous Asturias composed by Isaac Albeniz. The Spanish composer is known for his work on the piano. Isaac Albeniz was born on May 29th 1860 and lived only 48 years on this earth dying a week before turning 49 on May 18th 1909. He was diagnose with Bright’s disease which is an old term form kidney disease. Albeniz was a child prodigy who started playing the piano since the age of 4. I saac married Rosina Jordana and later had three children. He composed and wrote pepita Jimà ©nezRead MoreThe Inter-locking Connection between the Piano and the Ghost1877 Words   |  7 PagesThe Inter-locking Connection Between the Piano and the Ghost Through extensive review of The Piano Lesson, it can be believed that the Piano, a item treasured by the Charles family, is embodied by the ghost of Sutter, attempting to keep the piano in the Charles family name. In 1619 the Dutch introduced the first captured Africans, to America, to aid in the production of crops such as tobacco. (History.com) Through out the years of the slave trade, the south continued to import slavesRead MoreComparison Essay Mozarts Lacrimosa vs Evanescence Lacrymosa858 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the second time the motiv is repeated, the choir enters all together at mezzo piano creating homophony. The dissonant harmonies continue to add darkness, and somberness to the music. Then both strings and the chorus have a subito piano. With the addition of brass, the orchestra crescendos on accented notes creating the first climax and ending in a timpini rumble. After the timpani rumble there is another subito piano, followed by and unexpected subito forte after a few measures. You begin to noticeRead MoreThelonious Monk979 Words   |  4 Pagesjazz piano musicians. What is known about Monk’s early life is very little. Thelonious Sphere Monk was born October 10, 191 7 in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. 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The Twilight Saga 5 Midnight Sun 19. Baseball Free Essays

string(128) " waiting for Charlie in his driveway so he could tattle tale like a little kid on Bella’s new found relationship with me\." As I pounced on Bella I brought her into my arms and held her there securely while flying through the room at a ferocious velocity. When we collided with the couch it went flying across the room until it settled against the wall with a large crashing blast. She was breathing in large heavy gasps of air and her heart was drumming madly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Twilight Saga 5: Midnight Sun 19. Baseball or any similar topic only for you Order Now She tried to move out of my protective arms and I refused. I moved her closer into my embrace letting her warm my body. She eyed me suspiciously and a playful grin spread across my face without my permission. It was just something I did naturally when I was around her. â€Å"You were saying?† I pretended to growl. â€Å"That you are a very, very terrifying monster,† her voice was sagging with sarcasm under her heavy panting. â€Å"Much better,† I agreed. She looked up at me, still a little jarred by my sudden movement, â€Å"Um†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she paused and continued to struggle, â€Å"Can I get up now?† she asked. â€Å"What the hell was that noise?† Jasper asked Alice. â€Å"Ha-ha. Edward is wrestling with Bella.† Alice answered cheerily. Oh my, Jasper began thinking, but his thoughts turned frenzied. I began laughing at Bella and Jaspers now frantic thoughts. â€Å"Can we come in?† Alice asked from the hall. Bella continued to struggle in my arms but I refused to let her go. I repositioned her so she was on my lap. I could feel the warmth of Bella’s blood as it raced up her cheeks when she realized that Alice and Jasper were in the door way. â€Å"Go ahead,† I barked a laugh. How can he get that close to her? It seriously blows my mind, Jasper was panicking mentally. Jasper had a strong belief that being this close to a human was impossible without feeding. His belief was now being thrown out the window. Alice’s thoughts were just a humming of approval. She was radiating with glee as she moved fluidly into the room, dropping to the ground and crossing her legs with a gleaming smile across her face. Jasper continued to stay in the door way. His thoughts were still fanatically stunned. â€Å"It sounded like you were having Bella for lunch, and we came to see if you would share,† Alice said while she failed extravagantly at trying to suppress laughter. Bella stiffened like a board in my arms but met her gaze unflinchingly and I couldn’t help but grin at both of them. When Bella saw my face she relaxed. I looked at Alice and answered back playfully, â€Å"Sorry, I don’t believe I have enough to spare.† I tightened my arms around her. Her heart was still humming quickly and her blush was still pronounced on her cheeks. Jasper finally got his thoughts out of a tangle as the mood of the room finally hit him. Wow, I’ve never felt Edward feel so†¦happy†¦and†¦in love. A smile spread across Jaspers face automatically at the cheerfulness in the room. â€Å"Actually, Alice says there’s going to be a real storm tonight, and Emmett wants to play ball. Are you game?† he asked while walking into the room. Playing ball did sound fun. I knew Emmett would be thoroughly pissed if I didn’t show up this time. I remembered the vampires that are visiting in the area and without thinking about it I looked at Bella and realized I would never leave her for a moment with those creatures at large. Before I could respond Alice chimed in, â€Å"Of course you should bring Bella.† What? Jasper looked mildly surprised and sent Alice a quick look but turned back so quickly I wasn’t sure if Bella caught it. Once again I had to remind myself that it was always her choice, â€Å"Do you want to go?† I asked as excitement burst through me. She looked at me and without hesitating she said, â€Å"Sure. Um, where are we going?† This is going to be so much fun! Alice’s thoughts flitted through my mind. I can’t believe this. Oh well this should be†¦interesting. Jasper thought while curiosity was willing inside him. â€Å"We have to wait for thunder to play ball ?C you’ll see why,† I smiled at her. A sign of nervousness was evident on her face when she bit her lower lip. She didn’t realize she was doing it when she looked at me and asked anxiously, â€Å"Will Ineed an umbrella?† We all started laughing but I was relieved because I was finally aware of what her sudden apprehension was. â€Å"Will she?† Jasper asked with a most peculiar expression. â€Å"No. The storm will hit over town. It should be dry enough in the clearing.† Alice said while the vision of the clearing ran through her head. Jasper was so full of happiness and joyfulness from the situation happening in the room that he couldn’t contain his smile, â€Å"Good, then,† he exclaimed. Being around Alice was always a little strange because I was constantly seeing the future. This time it was just the coming minutes going through her mind. I saw her going to Carlisle and asking about playing ball. â€Å"Let’s go see if Carlisle will come,† Alice jumped off the ground and headed toward the door with a wink in Jaspers direction. â€Å"Like you don’t know,† Jasper teased. Jasper closed the door behind him, Have fun bro. Bella turned in my lap, her heart fluttering at our closeness, â€Å"What will we be playing?† she wondered. I laughed at the thought of letting her hold a bat, or worse, letting her try to hit a ball with a bat. â€Å"You will be watching,† I clarified, â€Å"We will be playing baseball,† I explained. She rolled her eyes at me, â€Å"Vampires like baseball?† she asked in disbelief. â€Å"It’s the American pastime,† I said in mock seriousness. Some very annoying sound was in my ear. I was driving down Bella’s street when little droplets of rain began splattering onto the windshield. That was not what was bothering me. Billy Black was waiting for Charlie in his driveway so he could tattle tale like a little kid on Bella’s new found relationship with me. You read "The Twilight Saga 5: Midnight Sun 19. Baseball" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Damn Quileute legends,† I muttered so low that Bella couldn’t hear me. Jacob and his father were taking shelter on Bella’s front porch and I was instantly tense. Can’t she tell there is something wrong with that kid? His cold white skin, his aversion to the sun†¦I will settle this though. Charlie will listen to me and force her to stop seeing the Cullen kid. Billy Black thought with a sneer and a curse in each thought with my name. Charlie isn’t even here, why are we waiting here in the rain like idiots? Jacob thought until he saw Bella, Oh, well†¦maybe this wasn’t a wasted trip after all. I had heard enough. The thoughts radiating off of them were about to drive me to let the monster free. I couldn’t let that happen when Bella was around. â€Å"This is crossing the line,† I said vehemently. Bella’s eyes found mine and they were worried. â€Å"He came to warn Charlie?† she asked horrified. I gave her a grave look and nodded. I turned toward Billy then and I was seeing red. My eyes were narrowed into tiny slits. I can just get out of the car and scare them off. Or maybe I could†¦ â€Å"Let me deal with this,† Bella interrupted my internal rage. I didn’t want to let her leave my side. To think of the things she was going to hear from Billy’s mouth. His thoughts continued to get snippier and nastier each time he glared in my direction. I knew if I left the vehicle now and released my anger that I would lose Bella, so I quickly agreed, â€Å"That’s probably best. Be careful, though. The child has no idea.† â€Å"Jacob is not that much younger than I am,† she reminded me crisply. I turned my gaze on her because she pulled me from my anger. She always knew exactly what to say to calm my nerves and bring me back to earth. I grinned at her, â€Å"Oh, I know,† I assured her. She looked exasperated. She reached for the door handle and sighed. I needed to leave here before my temper came back. What the hell are they doing? What is taking so long? Billy thought angrily. â€Å"Get them inside so I can leave. I’ll be back around dusk,† I commanded. Her eyes met mine again, â€Å"Do you want my truck?† she asked. Hasn’t she learned better by now? I rolled my eyes, â€Å"I could walk home faster than this truck moves.† A sad look entered her eyes, â€Å"You don’t have to leave,† she said longingly. She had no idea how difficult it was for me to leave while there were vampires lurking in the vicinity and the Blacks were here to cause trouble. I looked at her expression realizing she didn’t want me to leave just as much as I didn’t want to leave her. â€Å"Actually, I do. After you get rid of them,† I glared in the Blacks direction, â€Å"you still have to prepare Charlie to meet your new boyfriend,† a smile spread across my face. She groaned loudly, â€Å"Thanks a lot.† Her face was so adorable when she was upset or angry. I couldn’t help but smile at her. â€Å"I’ll be back soon,† I promised. If she doesn’t exit that truck in one minute I am going to go over there and make sure she is okay, Billy swelled ominously. I turned my glare back in the direction of the porch at the last thought. I wanted to taunt Billy just a little bit and Jacob too. I leaned down and slowly brought my lips to Bella’s jaw. I kissed lightly and her heart jumped up in her chest. Her blood was pulsing quickly and the scent made me go wild. The kiss was all flames and electricity down my throat. When I moved away from her, she looked towards the porch and could see the same thing I could. Billy had a death grip on his wheel chair and his thoughts were in frantic disarray. Oh, how†¦ oh, goodness. I†¦ Well†¦disgusting! Billy’s thoughts were choked. Bella realized how panicked Billy was now and she was suddenly in a rush, â€Å"Soon,† she ordered while opening the door to the truck and stepping out into the rain. When the rain droplets ran down her face I could see them evaporate while the wind blew her rainy scent in my direction. I gripped her steering wheel so tightly I almost broke it off. She shut the door quickly and ran to the porch for protection from the rain. I decided to keep my attention on the Blacks and not on the way Bella’s scent was covered in a delicious sweetness. â€Å"Hey, Billy. Hi, Jacob,† Bella greeted them in a incredibly false pleased voice, â€Å"Charlie’s gone for the day ?C I hope you haven’t been waiting long.† Right, right, I don’t believe she is worried about our wait at all. Billy thought with disappointment etched in every sagging line of his face. â€Å"Not long,† Billy replied dully, â€Å"I just wanted to bring this up,† he pointed to a brown paper sack in his lap. I wonder when Charlie will be home. I still can’t believe what I saw in her truck. Billy thoughts continued to curse me. â€Å"Thanks,† Bella responded in a confused voice, â€Å"Why don’t you come in for a minute and dry off?† she offered. She doesn’t seem scared or nervous†¦not at all like she was just with a vampire. Billy was alight with a feverous fanatical burn. Bella opened the door and showed them in. Before the door was shut I was out of the truck and pelting through the woods. Each step dragged as I was contemplating going back and scoping up Bella and running for it. The only reason I didn’t was because Billy was right about everything. She shouldn’t be with me. She should realize the appalling creature that I am and run away screaming. But she didn’t; she continued to pull herself ever closer to me and I allowed it. I embraced her and wanted her in my arms. The love I was feeling for her was overwhelming. If anything were to happen to her†¦ I stopped running in the forest to take several unneeded deep breaths. When the fear and anxiety finally dulled I swiftly made my way back home. For the first time in ages Alice wasn’t waiting for me at the porch steps; Emmett was. â€Å"Hey! I heard that you and Bella are coming out to play ball tonight!† Emmett laughed loudly while his face twisted with glee. â€Å"No, Bella will not be playing,† I said with a grim smile. â€Å"Oh, damn it. I was hoping to see Bella with a bat in her hand,† Emmett smiled sinisterly. â€Å"Please, like I would place a bat in her hands!† Yeah, yeah I get it. You just don’t understand how funny it is when she does something human, Emmett chortled a wild little laugh as he walked into the house. Alice walked over the threshold then, You know this is going to be a good game. There will be a tie breaker. Do you remember what happened last time between Jasper and Emmett? Esme is going to have to come up with a better idea for tie breaking. I smiled at her, â€Å"So are you pitching?† Of course, you can’t let Carlisle do it; he’s just not that good at pitching. Alice thought. We were both silent for a few seconds and I could tell what topic of conversation Alice really wanted to cover, â€Å"Go ahead, ask me,† I suggested. When can I take Bella shopping? Please let me take her soon! Have you seen the dreadful attire she was wearing? Just wait until you see what she is wearing tonight. Ugh! Alice pouted. â€Å"We’ll see,† I replied. Fine, okay†¦ Want to throw the ball around? Alice asked, bored. â€Å"Sure.† Alice flew through the house, grabbed a baseball and flew to the backyard. I was already waiting for her. We threw the ball back and forth for several minutes until Jasper and Emmett came outside to join us. Emmett and Jasper decided that throwing the ball back and forth was ‘boring’ and needed some spice. They began throwing the ball as far as they could to see who would be the first to not catch it. This went on for several long minutes. I sat on the grass watching the sun slowly descending behind the trees. I got up in a hurry to pick Bella up. Take Emmett’s Jeep. Trust me. Alice sent a vision of us running through the forest, She would appreciate it if part of the way there wasn’t on your back, she giggled. â€Å"Hey, Emmett, I’m taking your jeep,† I informed him. â€Å"Okay, bring it back in one piece, oh, and you better help Bella get into the Jeep. I wouldn’t want to see her get hurt trying to get in it,† Emmett’s bellowing laugh echoed and reverberated off of the trees. â€Å"Funny,† I muttered. I could hear Charlie and Bella’s conversation from a mile down the road. I caught the very end of it. Bella had informed Charlie that we were going on a date and Charlie was having a hard time comprehending the match. â€Å"Where is he taking you?† he asked protectively. I could hear Bella groan loudly, â€Å"I hope you’re getting the Spanish Inquisition out of your system now. We’re going to play baseball with his family,† she explained. Baseball? Hum, maybe I had things all wrong with this Edward kid, Charlie mumbled in his thoughts, But, Bella, playing ball? A loud chuckle erupted from him. â€Å"You’re playing baseball?† he asked in disbelief. I was extremely pleased that she finally told Charlie the truth about our plans. â€Å"Well, I’ll probably watch most of the time,† she responded. All of the time, I amended in my mind. â€Å"You must really like this guy,† Charlie observed suspiciously. I heard Bella sigh as I parked in the driveway. I heard the water going in the kitchen. â€Å"Leave the dishes, I can do them tonight. You baby me too much,† said Charlie. I promptly made my way to the front door and lightly pressed the door bell. Bells began ringing throughout the house. I heard Charlie’s footsteps followed by Bella’s coming towards the door. He opened the door swiftly sending their scent flying out into the rain. Every particle of air around me began soaking up Bella’s scent instantly. Charlie’s scent could have been non-existent compared to hers. I could almost catch her taste on the saturated air. â€Å"Come on in, Edward,† Charlie greeted me. Bella exhaled a large gust of air sending another tantalizing scent ripping down my throat and sending my stomach into knots at the fragrance. â€Å"Thanks, Chief Swan,† I replied respectfully. â€Å"Go ahead and call me Charlie. Here, I’ll take your jacket,† he reached for it. I pulled it off quickly and replied, â€Å"Thanks, sir,† before handing it over. â€Å"Have a seat there, Edward,† he ordered while pointing to the seat. I saw Bella’s face in my peripheral vision and she looked like she was going to be sick with anxiety. I sat down in the only chair. Bella and Charlie sat on the sofa. Bella glared at me with her arms folded around her stomach. Her kittenish out-rage was comical at best and so I winked when Charlie’s back was turned. Her cheeks turned bright pink – in horror or embarrassment I wasn’t sure. â€Å"So I hear you’re getting my girl to watch baseball,† Charlie mused. â€Å"Yes, sir, that’s the plan,† I answered courteously. â€Å"Well, more power to you, I guess,† he said incredulously and we both broke into hooting laughs. Blood had boiled to the surface of Bella’s face and rage flowed out of her mouth. She stood up, â€Å"Okay. Enough humor at my expense. Let’s go,† she ordered. I waited for Charlie to stand up and then followed him. We met Bella in the hall while she angrily pulled her jacket over her flannel shirt. I don’t care what Alice said, the flannel looks pleasant on her. When she flipped her hair it sent a wave of her bouquet my direction and I inhaled deeply at the pleasurable pain that was echoing in my throat. â€Å"Not too late, Bell,† Charlie instructed. â€Å"Don’t worry, Charlie, I’ll have her home early,† I promised. What he didn’t know was that I would be staying the night in his daughter’s room†¦again. Holding her tightly against my body and tracing every line of her face, arms, and shoulders. I imagined her trembling under my touch when Charlie finally distracted me. â€Å"You take care of my girl, all right?† Charlie ordered and I could hear the mental humming of his love for his only daughter spilling from his mind in large waves crashing into me all at once. I wondered briefly if this is what Jasper felt like when he absorbed someone’s mood. Bella groaned again but we both ignored her. â€Å"She’ll be safe with me, I promise, sir.† There was no doubt that she would always be safe with me, that I would never let any harm come to her. Charlie’s thoughts became muffled like they did at times but I could still tell that he believed me. I grabbed my jacket and watched Bella walk angrily down the hall. Bella, still in her kittenish rage, turned to look at me and then marched out of the house. Charlie and I both laughed and I followed her. When she reached the porch her jaw almost dropped to the ground when she caught sight of the Jeep. Charlie came into view of the Jeep too and whistled. â€Å"Wear your seat belts,† he stammered. Bella finally got her act together after taking in the whole jeep. Her eyes had roamed from the monster tires to the metal guards over the headlights and the crash bar. She stalked forward and I followed her, opening the passenger side door. I saw her look at the ground and then at the seat while her eyes slightly popped. She crouched like she was about to spring up into the seat. I sighed remembering Emmetts taunts and I carefully grabbed her around the waist and lifted her into the Jeep with one hand. It was pouring down rain and her scent was teasing me by swirling around my nose and deep in my lungs as I inhaled. I walked around to the front of the Jeep while watching Bella struggle with the seat belt. I suppressed a chuckle. I opened the driver’s side door and she looked at me confused, â€Å"What’s all this?† she asked pointing to the buckles. â€Å"It’s an off-roading harness.† â€Å"Oh-oh,† she looked nervous. I watched her struggle some more, delighting in the blood flushing her face at her frustration. She wasn’t going to give up the fight and I finally sighed, reaching over her to help. I brought the seat belt over her neck caressing her lightly and brought my finger tips across her collarbone. Her hands went limp in her lap and her heart was like a humming bird’s wings. She began breathing heavily. The scent of her breath hit me like a ton of bricks, sweet and delicious. I pulled away once she was buckled. I did enjoy dazzeling her. I turned the key in the ignition and the engine roared the life. Bella was looking rather nervous. â€Å"This is a†¦um†¦big Jeep you have.† â€Å"It’s Emmett’s,† I informed her, â€Å"I didn’t think you’d want to run the whole way.† She was still breathless, â€Å"Where do you keep this thing?† â€Å"We remodeled one of the outbuildings into a garage,† I explained. She looked at me with one eyebrow raised, â€Å"Aren’t you going to put on your seat belt?† I threw her a disbelieving look. She was being ridiculous. She continued to stare at me and her look suddenly became horror struck, â€Å"Run the whole way? As in, we’re still going to run part of the way?† her voice rose a few intervals. I tried to prevent a grin from spreading across my face but it was a hopeless attempt. My lips turned up at the corners no matter how hard I tried to suppress it, â€Å"You’re not going to run.† â€Å"I’m going to be sick,† she pulled her lips together tightly like she was preventing herself from getting sick right then. Again, I tried to prevent a smile from appearing and yet there it was. â€Å"Keep your eyes closed, you’ll be fine.† With her normal nervous gesture she began biting at her lower lip. When she did this it always made me a little anxious that she might hurt herself, but she never did. I watched her carefully as the panic was racing through her veins. Her pulse was hammering and her breath was heavy on the air. Her hair was slightly wet from the rain and I couldn’t help it – I brought my nose to her head and kissed her hair. A groan came out of my throat without my permission. I pulled away and she gave me a questioning look. â€Å"You smell so good in the rain,† I explained. I took more air into my lungs, a whirl wind of her warm scent swirled into them. I held it there for a second before exhaling and doing it all over again; reveling in her aroma. â€Å"In a good way or a bad way?† she gave me a furtive look. I sighed, â€Å"Both, always both.† Once our journey took us off the paved road and into the forest conversation became impossible for Bella because she was bouncing up and down. I swear I could see her eyes rattling around. I couldn’t help but smile at her look. It was hilarious and no matter how hard I tried to hide my smile, it was brilliant and brightly plastered across my face. The end of the path loomed into view and we could no longer drive any farther. I stopped the Jeep turning the key as the engine became silent. â€Å"Sorry, Bella, we have to go on foot from here,† I explained. â€Å"You know what? I’ll just wait here,† she answered sarcastically. â€Å"What happened to all your courage?† I asked with a smile, â€Å"You were extraordinary this morning.† Her face started draining of all color, â€Å"I haven’t forgotten last time yet.† I wrenched the door open and hopped out of the Jeep and in less than a second I was on her side of the Jeep unbuckling her seat belt. She stared at me indignantly. â€Å"I’ll get those, you go on ahead,† she protested. I finally unbuckled all of the straps and decided teasing was the best way to go, â€Å"Hmmm†¦,† I mused, â€Å"It seems I’m going to have to tamper with your memory.† I pulled her into my arms and sat her gently on the ground. â€Å"Tamper with my memory?† she asked anxiously. â€Å"Something like that,† I teased. It was no longer raining and the mist was falling into her hair sending the sweet seductive scent evaporating into every particle of air around us. I took in a generous amount of the air in between us. I decided a distraction was needed so I could get her into the clearing. She was leaning against the Jeep and I took two hasty steps until I trapped her there by placing both of my hands on either side of her. I brought my body ever closer to hers. She backed away slightly but didn’t seem to mind my closeness. Her warm body enveloped me as I brought my face ever closer to hers. I wanted to place my lips to hers. I was nervous to see what her reaction would be this time. â€Å"Now,† I breathed, â€Å"what exactly are you worrying about?† â€Å"Well, um, hitting a tree -† she gulped, â€Å"?C and dying. And then getting sick.† I remembered both times when she got sick; at school and after running with me. I couldn’t help but smile at the memories but quickly smoothed my face. I moved the few extra inches until her warm breath was now in my mouth. I brought my lips to the hollow at the base of her throat. I kissed lightly moving my nose under her jaw lightly. â€Å"Are you still worried now?† I breathed on her skin making her tremble in pleasure. â€Å"Yes.† her voice quivered in bliss, â€Å"About hitting trees and getting sick.† Apparently I wasn’t distracting her enough though I was thoroughly distracted. I was euphoric. I trailed the tip of my nose up her throat and down her jaw line to the tip of her chin. â€Å"And now?† I whispered while breathing in her every breath. â€Å"Trees,† she inhaled, â€Å"Motion sickness.† I brought my lips to her eyes and kissed her eye lids, â€Å"Bella, you don’t really think I would hit a tree, do you?† â€Å"No, but I might,† her confidence failing extravagantly. I began my journey to her mouth. I kissed slowly down her cheek letting her skin warm them. I brought my lips to the corner of her mouth. Gently, I let my bottom lip softly brush against hers. â€Å"Would I let a tree hurt you?† My lips were barely touching her. A curious sensation crawled up my throat. With every touch of our lips electricity shot through my body sending a joyous feeling through my veins. Her bottom lip was trembling in absolute pleasure. I took in several generous gulps of her breath. â€Å"No,† she breathed against my lips. â€Å"You see,† I said my lips touching hers as I spoke, â€Å"There’s nothing to be afraid of, is there?† â€Å"No,† she sighed and she became limp against the Jeep, giving up. I pulled her face into my hands a little rougher than usual and brought my lips to hers fiercely. Our lips were moving together and we were both panting heavily at the sensations shooting through our bodies. She brought her arms around my neck bringing me closer to her. We embraced frantically while our bodies were welded together. My hands moved eagerly to her back bringing her closer to my chest while bowing her body against mine. She was quivering with delight as her lips parted slightly and she sighed heavily bringing her breath deep in my lungs. Excitement exploded in the pit of my stomach. I let go and staggered back several steps, flustered, realizing this was the only sensible course of action. I couldn’t believe I let myself get so out of control. â€Å"Damn it, Bella!† I was gasping, â€Å"You’ll be the death of me, I swear you will.† I watched as she leaned forward placing her hands on her knees and panting. â€Å"You’re indestructible,† she mumbled while continuing to breathe heavily. I was so angry at myself for letting it get that far. I monster inside me wanted me to lose control and I couldn’t let that happen. â€Å"I might have believed that before I met you. Now let’s get out of here before I do something really stupid,† I growled. I pulled Bella onto my back while trying to be as gentle as possible. She secured herself to me by wrapping her legs around my waist and pulling her arms around my neck. The warmth rippled down my body. â€Å"Don’t forget to close your eyes,† I reminded her. She lodged her face into my shoulder and it sent a jolt of electricity through me. I could feel her warm breath. I broke into a run and her pulse picked up, her heart beating out large palpitations. It only took a matter of minutes before we arrived just outside the clearing where my family was already preparing to play ball. Bella did not move as I stood there waiting for her to let go. I was terrified that she had opened her eyes and fallen sick like before. I reached behind me and ran my fingers through her silky hair gently. â€Å"It’s over, Bella,† I said softly. She sighed in relief and she was suddenly no longer wrapped around me. I heard a pulpous noise that was followed by, â€Å"Oh!† I turned around swiftly worried she had hurt herself. I did the smallest of double takes before I saw her expression and the tension finally broke between us. Her face was screwed up in embarrassment. I was trying my hardest to hold in laughter but I was unable to. I barked out a laugh. Her expression had twisted into indignation and chagrin. She pushed herself off the ground while brushing dirt and bracken off of her backside. She turned, muttering silently, and marched off in the wrong direction. A smile was still on my face as I wrapped my arm around her waist. â€Å"Where are you going, Bella?† â€Å"To watch a baseball game. You don’t seem to be interested in playing anymore, but I’m sure the others will have fun without you,† she said bitterly. â€Å"You’re going the wrong way,† I said coolly. She turned on her heal with a firm and purposeful tread in the opposite direction. I shook my head back and forth at her and grabbed her around the waist a second time. â€Å"Don’t be mad, I couldn’t help myself. You should have seen your face,† I tried to explain but a chuckle broke through my composure. She looked at me haughtily. â€Å"Oh, you’re the only one who’s allowed to get mad?† she asked while raising her eyebrows. I paused for a moment and studied her face. â€Å"I wasn’t mad at you.† â€Å"‘Bella, you’ll be the death of me’?† she quoted crisply. â€Å"That was simply a statement of fact,† I said while still trying to hold in my amusement. She gave me a look of pure abhorrence and turned to stride away again. In a quick motion I pulled her to my chest. I couldn’t take it if she left me now. â€Å"You were mad,† she persisted, her face stricken. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"But you just said ?C† she began. â€Å"That I wasn’t mad at you. Can’t you see that, Bella?† I asked patiently. â€Å"Don’t you understand?† I felt completely exasperated. She was so sweet, loving†¦fragile; there was nothing she could do to make me upset at her. She pursed her lips. â€Å"See what?† she insisted with a confused expression. â€Å"I’m never angry with you ?C how could I be? Brave, trusting†¦warm as you are,† I explained. â€Å"Then why?† she asked softly. I analyzed her face, trying to read her mind once again. I reached the barrier I always did while trying to probe her mind, the silence persisted. She looked just as confused as ever. I sighed and pulled her delicate face in my cold palms. Her cheeks instantly warmed my whole body. I looked her straight in the eyes. â€Å"I infuriate myself,† I said quietly. â€Å"The way I can’t seem to keep from putting you in danger. My very existence puts you at risk. Sometimes I truly hate myself. I should be stronger; I should be able to ?C† She placed her warm palm over my mouth touching my lips softly. â€Å"Don’t.† She stared into my eyes, the depth of her eyes were communicating with mine. I put my hand over hers and moved it to my cheek. The warmth radiated off of her skin and deep into my body. I felt the sudden urge to bring our lips together and tell her how much I loved her. The words were exiting my mouth before I made the decision to do so. â€Å"I love you,† I stated. â€Å"It’s a poor excuse for what I’m doing, but it’s still true.† Her face softened at my words. â€Å"Now, please try to behave yourself,† I pleaded as I slowly bent down and brushed my lips lightly across hers. She didn’t move but her heart raced and she parted her lips with a sigh. I inhaled copious amounts of her breath into my lungs letting it send flames down my throat. â€Å"You promised Chief Swan that you would have me home early, remember,† she whispered against my lips. â€Å"We’d better get going.† My insides were twisting in pleasure at our touch but I finally got my act together. â€Å"Yes ma’am,† I replied while continuing to smile. I released all of her but her hand. I showed her the way through the forest. It was only a few feet until we reached the clearing. I was feeling radiant with glee. Esme, Rosalie and Emmett were sitting on a large rock. When they caught sight of us they all three rose. Alice and Jasper were in the distance throwing the ball back and forth and Carlisle was marking bases. Right on time! Alice thought. I’ll just hold my breath if she gets too close, Jasper contemplated. I thought I heard them, Esme thought while walking in our direction. Rosalie strode off in the other direction without a single glance behind her. Oh great†¦the human’s here, Rosalie sneered, alight with malice. Come on! Jeez, not this again†¦ Emmett stared at the back of Rosalie as she marched away from us. Whatever, I’m not missing this. Emmett followed behind Esme. â€Å"Was that you we heard, Edward?† Esme asked as she approached us. Yeah, that weird gurgling noise. â€Å"It sounded like a bear choking.† Emmett chortled. A small timid smile was on Bella’s face. â€Å"That was him.† Oh, I see how it is, I thought internally. â€Å"Bella was being unintentionally funny,† I explained with a wide grin. Alice came running towards us. Five seconds, she thought as she stopped in front of us. â€Å"It’s time,† she announced. Lightning flashed through the dark cloudy sky while thunder rippled overhead shaking the ground around us. Bella’s eyes grew wide in wonder. Her face is hilarious, Emmett thought. â€Å"Eerie, isn’t it?† he winked at Bella hoping for her to make another ‘human’ face. â€Å"Let’s go.† Alice grabbed Emmett’s hand and they speed swiftly away toward the field. I’ll take care of her. Go play now, Esme vested. Excitement was flowing in my veins. It had been a long time since I had felt so light and buoyant. â€Å"Are you ready for some ball?† I asked eagerly. Her face showed a mix of awe, bewilderment, and perplexity at the game. She seemed extremely intimidated. â€Å"Go team!† she said enthusiastically. A chuckle came through my lips as I fluffed her hair up in a frenzy and bounded after Alice and Emmett. Another crash of lightning sent a rumble of thunder through the earth at our feet. All the amazing feelings shooting through my body were making me exceedingly intoxicated with bliss. In this moment I felt like I had everything I could ever want. I flew past Alice and Emmett. Show off, Emmett thought. I just chuckled at his expression as I turned to run backwards, stopping in the outfield next to Carlisle. I peered over Emmett’s shoulder to see Esme and Bella walking toward the field. â€Å"Same teams?† Carlisle asked. Everyone nodded in agreement. My team members, Carlisle and Alice, left to go to their positions. Carlisle went to stand between first and second base while Alice went to the pitcher’s mound. I darted toward the outfield. Edward, you are such a gentleman, Esme commended. I hadn’t been paying attention to their conversation and listened to the end of it as they finally reached the outside of the playing field. â€Å"You don’t mind, then? That I’m†¦all wrong for him?† Bella asked Esme incredulously. She’s not all wrong for me, I’m all wrong for her. I amended internally. â€Å"No.† Esme began. I’d never want to take Bella away from Edward, I just couldn’t imagine†¦ â€Å"You’re what he wants. It will work out, somehow.† He needs to change her but I know if he never will, Esme was thinking wistfully. The ground shook below us as thunder rumbled overhead. Get ready, Edward! Emmett chortled internally. He was swinging the bat back and forth. He’ll miss the first one, Alice snickered. â€Å"All right,† Esme called out. â€Å"Batter up.† Emmett raised his bat, ready to strike. Alice continued to snicker internally as she pictured Emmett missing the first pitch. She brought the ball to her waist. In a swift stealthy move she brought the ball into flight. It flew past Emmett at amazing speeds as Jasper caught it. He’s going to hit the next one, Edward. Be prepared, though, there is a ninety-seven percent chance you’ll catch it. Alice mused in her mind. Jasper threw the ball back at Alice and she showed her gleaming teeth at him. Damn she is so attractive when she pitches, Jasper thought. I began ignoring Jasper’s thoughts quickly after that. I didn’t need to be distracted from the game. Alice brought the ball back to her waist. She threw it with great force again and I was prepared. Emmett hit the ball with such strength that the aluminum smashed into the ball making a sound so fierce that it reverberated off the trees. It sounded just like the thunder. I caught a glimpse of Bella before I took off running. Her face looked stunned. The ball suddenly flew toward me at a ferocious velocity. It went whizzing by me at lethal speeds and I was afraid I wouldn’t be able to catch it. Bella had distracted me with yet another one of her expressions. I hurtled through the woods, jumping over downed trees, hopping over rocks until I caught up with the ball. I put all my strength into my leap as I jumped and caught the ball while grabbing onto a branch and swinging down to the ground. With immense speed I ran back to the clearing, ball raised high and a smile prominent on my face. â€Å"Out!† Esme yelled to Emmett’s disappointment. Don’t worry, I’ll get you back†¦ he threatened. Bella had a bewildered expression. I heard Esme explaining what happened. â€Å"Emmett hits the hardest, but Edward runs the fastest.† Jasper was next to bat. He already knew that throwing one towards me would be a mistake and was going for a ground ball. He hit the ball and it bounced off the ground. Carlisle caught it and started running to beat Jasper to first base. They collided and sent another thunderous noise through the night’s air. Bella was sitting on the grass and jumped up with a look of concern on her face. I laughed harder than ever at her expression. â€Å"Safe.† Esme called out. We continued to play until the other team had three outs. We switched positions and I was at Bella’s side in a quick motion that she almost didn’t see. â€Å"What do you think?† I asked in excitement. â€Å"One thing’s for sure, I’ll never be able to sit through dull old Major League Baseball again,† she smiled widely. â€Å"And it sounds like you did so much of that before,† I laughed. The thrill of the game and the desire I felt when I was around Bella had me feeling high. â€Å"I am a little disappointed,† she said teasingly. â€Å"Why?† I asked, perplexed. â€Å"Well,† she grinned, â€Å"it would be nice if I could find just one thing you didn’t do better than everyone else on the planet.† She thought I was better than everyone else on the planet. I was soaring. I didn’t think anything could remove the smile that seemed to be permanently plastered on my face. I’m going to have to have a talk with her about filling your head with non-sense, Emmett guffawed stupidly. You’re oozing love over here. You’re up lover boy, Jasper joked. â€Å"I’m up!† I told Bella while heading to the plate. We continued to play for several innings when several things happened simultaneously. I had bent down to get into the catching position, Carlisle had walked up to bat and Alice gasped in horror while she shrieked in alarm in her mind. I brought my eyes to hers as I saw what she was seeing. Terror rose inside me as a large dead weight fell through my chest and into my stomach. Three vampires were running in our direction, curious about playing ball. The next series of visions had me scrambling to Bella’s side in terror. Edward, no! Alice thought while her vision continued as one tall vampire caught Bella’s scent on the wind and attacked. In her vision Bella didn’t die because we prevented him from sucking her dry but she had been bitten. Only a part of a second had passed and I was at Bella’s side. Get her out of here now! Alice bellowed from her mind. My brain was in limbo because I saw the other outcomes too. Everyone was saying Alice’s name alarmingly in their heads but Esme was the first to break the silence. â€Å"Alice?† she asked, her voice strained. â€Å"I didn’t see ?C I couldn’t tell,† she mouthed almost soundlessly. I felt Bella tense up as everyone flew rapidly to her side in protection. Bella knew – she had to know. She was always so observant. Everyones thoughts were jumbled in confusion and alarm. Panic burst inside me like poisonous gas. â€Å"What is it, Alice?† Carlisle asked in a business like tone. It’s too late, Edward. I’m sorry. â€Å"They were traveling much quicker than I thought. I can see I had the perspective wrong before,† Alice’s eyes were blank yet horror struck. They’ll have to go through me before they get to Alice, Jasper thought protectively. He moved closer to her. â€Å"What changed?† She looked up at him in absolute horror. I could see how split second decisions were altering her visions. None of them looked promising. â€Å"They heard us playing, and it changed their path,† she explained with pure agony in her voice. It’s my fault, she thought feebly. We all looked at Bella and saw that her face was shocked. Her heart drummed madly as she comprehended our words. I saw through seven pairs of eyes Bella’s expressions from every angle. Each of their thoughts were ricocheting in my head. Was this the punishment I would suffer for being selfish? Losing her? I cried internally. My heart was screaming in protest. â€Å"How soon?† Carlisle asked me. Alice was in a stunned stupor. I read through each line of her thoughts as they flitted across her mind. â€Å"Less than five minutes. They’re running ?C they want to play.† I frowned at him. Take Bella and run! â€Å"Can you make it?† Carlisle asked me nervously. I brought her scent into my lungs. It was just another reminder of how weak and fragile she was. â€Å"No, not carrying ?C† I cut short. â€Å"Besides, the last thing we need is for them to catch the scent and start hunting.† It was one of the many visions that had gone through Alice’s mind: Bella being hunted. Each decision we made turned the outcome into something different. Some were more devastating than others. As soon as I decided it I saw the reaction of the vampires. They would hunt ?C we would lose. I couldn’t run with her. This isn’t good, Carlisle thought. All right, a fight! Emmett exclaimed in his head, completely unperturbed. I glowered at him. He shrugged, I’m sorry. I don’t want them to hurt Bella any more than you do. â€Å"How many?† Emmett asked Alice. â€Å"Three,† she clipped in a muffled wail. â€Å"Three!† That will be too easy. â€Å"Let them come.† Emmett scoffed and began flexing his muscles. Everyone’s thoughts were in such a frantic state of mind I couldn’t listen anymore. They were coming at me from all angles. Bella’s name was coming up in every single thought. I began dissolving in misery. It was entirely fault. â€Å"Let’s just continue the game,† Carlisle finally decided. â€Å"Alice said they were simply curious.† This is ludicrous! I can’t believe this crap†¦all for a human girl. Rosalie muttered reproachfully. Now that the decision is made what is the outcome? Carlisle asked me. I shrugged because there were too many situations where decisions have yet to be made. I knew my face was screwed up in concentration and I knew that worry lines were etched into every crease of my face. I could see myself perfectly in Carlisle’s mind as he stared at me. Everyone began walking out onto the field to continue the game. Their minds were somewhere else though. Forest is clear here, Emmett thought. I nodded in his direction. Esme grabbed my arms and pulled me just a few feet away from Bella. The short distance felt like miles. I was so horrified that I had brought her to danger. Anguish was ripping through my body. A knot formed in the pit of my stomach. â€Å"Are they thirsty?† Esme whispered. I shook my head. That’s good to hear. Esme was relieved. I headed back to Bella quickly. â€Å"You catch, Esme. I’ll call it now.† I stood in front of Bella protectively. I would die to save her if I had to. She didn’t deserve any fate but life. My insides were plummeting sickeningly with each aching second before the crimson eyed creatures were to come into view. I won’t let anything happen to her, I swear. Alice tried to assure me. She had refused to go back onto the field, staying at Bella’s side in a protective stance. I knew that in this moment Alice showed her loyalty to me. The space between her and Jasper made him relatively nervous and he, too, was staying closer to Alice because of the situation. Emmett and Rosalie were staying in the infield. Chaos was filling everyone’s minds around me. The wind blew across Bella’s neck sending her sultry scent down my lungs. â€Å"Take your hair down,† I commanded. Her face looked positively terrified as she obediently slid her rubber band out of her hair and shook it out. She could tell that eminent danger was around the corner. The smell assaulted my lungs again. â€Å"The others are coming now,† she stated. I knew she could understand. Her knowing mind always amazed me. For a fleeting second I thought about what it would do to me if she were no longer around. Pain ripped through my chest leaving large angry scratches. â€Å"Yes, stay very still, keep quiet, and don’t move from my side, please,† I pleaded. The billowing wind blew her scent towards me again. Each time it was a reminder of how easily this could go wrong. The knot in my stomach tightened. I pulled her hair forward and tried to wrap it as closely to her neck as possible. Edward†¦Edward. Edward! Alice was shouting my name from her head but I was too preoccupied to notice. â€Å"That won’t help,† she whispered, â€Å"I could smell her from across the field.† â€Å"I know,† I said, frustrated. Bella was like a gazelle in a sea of lions. I didn’t want to scare her but you wouldn’t respond. Alice sighed in her thoughts. The rest of my family began playing baseball again. This time they were lightly bunting the ball and barely running at top speeds. We weren’t interested in the game anymore. The waves of terror continued emitting from everyone’s mind. I felt Bella’s heat against me. She had moved within inches of my body. â€Å"What did Esme ask you?† she whispered. I wasn’t going to tell her but I realized that I had too. I hesitated for only a second. â€Å"Whether they were thirsty,† I was thoroughly discomposed. This is the dumbest idea ever. I don’t know what the hell Edward is thinking keeping her human. Grr. So frail and†¦mortal. Rosalie wailed in a real temper. I ignored her because I was too busy looking for the minds of strangers in the forest. I wonder how many there are. An unknown ‘voice’ flitted through my head. My eyes snapped up to the edge of the tree line. I couldn’t believe I had put Bella in this kind of danger. I was constantly putting her in harm’s way. â€Å"I’m sorry Bella,† I cried, â€Å"It was stupid, irresponsible, to expose you like this. I’m so sorry.† I couldn’t expect forgiveness because I didn’t deserve it. This should be interesting. I heard an unfamiliar female’s mind. I heard them in the distance and so did the rest of my family. There was a quivering silence cutting through the air as my family peered out at the darkening forest in the direction of the coming doom. They were just lurking out of sight. I was convinced for a whole shining second that they had changed their minds until three dark figures emerged from the forest. How to cite The Twilight Saga 5: Midnight Sun 19. Baseball, Essay examples

The Impact of social class on education free essay sample

Sociologists have argued that social class differences in educational attainment can be explained in many terms but not necessarily in mutual exclusive kinds of theories such as; IQ theory; social class differences in material circumstances; sub- cultural attitudes and values and the school labelling processes Just to mention a few. Sociologists tend to be critical of the IQ theory for various reasons including the factors affecting how it is measured, so in this essay, I shall therefore concentrate pon the other more sociological approaches and exclude the IQ theory. The following list of key words were essential in my argument; different methods of attainment, gender, ethnicity, cultural deficits, social status, formal and non-formal socialisation, equality of opportunities, ladder of opportunity, formal and hidden curricula, meritocracy, anti-school subculture, cultural deprivation, material deprivation, cultural capital and self fulfilling prophecy. It is perceived that the British society is divided into different social classes. I would ardly agree with the idea that the British society is meritocratic, meaning that there is social mobility and any individual can be rewarded through hard working, skills and commitment. I would hardly agree with the idea that the British society is meritocratic, meaning that there is social mobility and any individual can be rewarded through hard working, skills and commitment. There is an upper class comprised with people that are very wealthy, by either inheritance or are self made millionaires and their children are most likely to attend private and expensive schools. The middle class; these have professional backgrounds such as teachers, doctors, surgeons etc. Their children are likely to either attend private schools or mainstream schools in a wealthy area, with good OFSTED and GCSE results. Then there are the working class people, usually with backgrounds of heavily dependent on benefits and low income paid jobs. Children from working class families do not tend to do very well in their education. They normally attend local public schools in their area and usually receive free meals at school. Although the government in many cases blame poor teaching and schools for underachievement, it recognises that a childs postcode is also a factor in determining achievement. Postcodes tend to reflect a childs social class background (Earlham sociology pages AS Level and A2 Level Sociology, 2012, online). Students from the lower class are more likely to suffer from material deprivation at home which can hold them back, they lack access to resources such as computers, useful books, educational trips, variety in mass media and by living in small dilapidated cold houses means they are less likely to have a quiet and comfortable personal study space. In some extreme situations, these children may have poor diet which can lead to illness and time off school. According to Gibson and Asthana (1999), the effects of material deprivation are cumulative, creating a cycle of deprivation. This would suggest that home background influences a child’s education (Browne 2006, p. 257). The Middle class parents can pass on cultural and material advantages that privilege or enable their children to succeed within the education system (Archer, 2003, p. 17). Certain ethnic minorities find English as their additional language affecting their childrens education. The evidence of language is central in confirming stereotypes and producing unfavourable opinions. Language and communication are so important according to Vygotsky, labelling it a â€Å"tool of thought† (Kurata 2011, p. 11). He sees it as important as a way children develop their thinking and understanding and as a means of sharing thoughts and understanding each other. Negative teacher attitudes towards the speech of culturally and socially different children affect teacher expectations, which affect pupil performance. Corson, (1998) and Pierre Bourdieu (1977) described this undermining of working-class’ ability, choices, knowledge, accent, and general confidence as a form of symbolic violence meaning that it is not acceptable. The middle-class is able to define the curriculum and what counts as meaningful knowledge. This clearly puts the working-class at a disadvantage despite their equal enthusiasm with the middle class to do the best for their children. Ball, Bowe and Gewirtz (1995) talk about cultural capital and educational choice to reflect on how being better educated themselves, middle-class parents have better knowledge and skills to negotiate and influence the education system. Many working-class parents are ambitious for their children too but do not know how to give practical help and they are usual tied up with long hours at work. However, middle class parents are likely to hold a more advantaged position than working class parents when interacting with teachers and other professionals and this may be demonstrated by their ability to: monitor their child’s progress at school, assist with home work, pay for extra tuition, they seek extra support for their child or complain about what they judge to be shortcomings in the school. Troyna (1986) and Sarup (1991) claim that there are school structures and environment that favours the white, middle-class culture especially the language and curriculum (Gewirtz, 2001. pp 365 378 ). Many sociologists see social class achievement as linked to the meanings and experience that are negotiated in schools and classrooms. According to interactionists the underachievement of working-class pupils is not caused by unequal social structures, but by processes within the school such as teacher labelling and expectations. These processes together with the hidden curriculum result in self-fulfilling prophecies and anti-school subcultures. Sociologists have also argued that relative working class educational achievement can be explained partly by processes of streaming, banding, setting and labelling. This whole system produces what I would refer to as a chain reaction of events. The streaming produces the failing and challenging schools and further streaming in classes produces the cream and the disengaged students. When teachers group students on the basis of their assumed ability, Ofsted research reveals black students are usually found in high numbers in the lower ranked groups (Gillborn 2005) Hargreaves’ idea that low stream pupils are denied academic status within the school and eventually try to regain status among their peers by misbehaving and unwillingness to work which lead to the development of anti-school subcultures in lower streams is noticeable. Additional problems arise in cases where students are labelled by teachers as worthless louts or suchlike, this would encourage more misbehaviour. There are other structural factors such as racial bullying and discrimination that can create a hostile environment in school. Also, it is possible that better teachers are assigned to higher sets and that teacher preparation for lower set is bias as these students are seen as incapable of real progress. In general terms therefore, lower set students are labelled as failures and the system of setting created the conditions which ensured failure and by so doing results in the self-fulfilling prophecy. Teachers at times chose not to teach the more complex, theoretical ideas to these lower set students on the assumption that they would not understand them. Obviously, this is likely to restrict their progress. Nevertheless in Uncertain Masculinities (2000) M. ODonnell and S. Sharpe argue strongly that negative labelling is less common nowadays. If this is true, the prospects for all poor working class children might gradually improve. Once students are in school, the dual factors of socialization and social status contribute significantly to their attitude towards learning. The school socialization process pressures students to be like their peers or risk social rejection, whereas the desire for high social status drives students to attempt to differentiate themselves in some areas such as music and dance, sports, personal style, sense of humor, or street skills. Paul Willis (1977) in â€Å"Learning to Labour† claims that the working class children choose to fail in schools as a rejection of capitalism as an act of resistance. Correspondence theory suggests that educational inequality mirrors the inequality of wider society. The â€Å"Lads† as he called them, reject the mental labour (studying and thinking) and pursue manual labour because they perceive it as an expression of masculine power and superiority representing a source of independence. There is also a possibility of lack of meaningful careers guidance and the impact of stereotyping on expectation. Joan McFarland argues in the British Journal of Sociology that in many of Willis work, his sample is not representative; he is only coming from a male standpoint. I believe in democracy and freedom with the curriculum. The so rigid and prescribed curriculum in schools kill creativity by insisting on systems and conformity, children learn to accept authority in an unthinking fashion. I believe in holistic development, meaning, Schools have major responsibilities for developing the whole person, not just their intellect. There should be Curriculum autonomy; Schools should be free to decide their own curriculum, and the way that it is taught according to (Gazeley, L. and Dunne, M. 2005). Conformity rather than independent thoughts give the view that life and education is just an inevitably routine, there is no space for naturalness or free spirit. According to Maxine Greene, we can now realise the impact of new technologies on teaching and learning using the arts as a tool for opening minds and for breaking down the barriers to imagining the realities of worlds other than our own familiar cultures. Imagination and the arts can provide experiential opportunities to see the world from multiple perspectives, helping individuals to â€Å"wake up† and question what is going on around them in order to start their own journey towards freedom (The Maxine Greene Foundation for Social Imagination, the Arts Education, 2008 online). In conclusion, I would cry for more democracy in how the curriculum is set. I would agree with Dewey and Maxine Greene on their idea of imagination, flexibility and freedom with the curriculum instead of focusing more on certain core subjects. In this contemporary world, there are more opportunities in art, music, sports and other professions related to Physical Educational industry rather than just Mathematics, Science and English.

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Cloning- ethical issue essays

Cloning- ethical issue essays The issue I have chosen to investigate is the issue of cloning. I personally believe that the cloning of both animals and humans is wrong, and in this essay I will argue this point. I will also argue that we are not God and have no right to be changing and experimenting with the genes of living organisms. The results may be catastrophic beyond the bounds of ethics. My first argument is that although this is ethically wrong, there is also absolutely no need to clone a person. Even for surrogate bodies to provide human spare parts, for this would still involve having to kill the clone, which is murder. How would you feel if you knew that you were only brought into this world for the use of spare parts? The knowledge we have at Present is also totally insufficient to be able clone humans safely, and should not be allowed under any circumstances or need. Some people argue that GOD cloned Eve and that if it is ok for GOD to clone a person, then why not the human race? But cloning of an adult to an adult is beyond the knowledge as of this day. The cloning science is exact, whereas the ethics part of the subject changes due to persons emotional, religious and political beliefs. Many people believe that cloning may advance certain aspects of science, far further than any of us would begin to understand, and that apart for religious people, there is no one who should be against it. There is also arguments that the therapeutic benefit will be positive and may lead to the cures for Parkinsons, alzheimers and other disease. Also the cloning of a child who had died would crate a social benefit. But will the cloning of one human lead to the cloning of another, and then to superior races...and where will it end? To imagine something being created that would have the learing ability above our own, strength, and something that could easily become unstoppable, is by far ...

Module 5 - Case Managing Workplace Safety and Health Assignment

Module 5 - Case Managing Workplace Safety and Health - Assignment Example The law gives permission to CMS for variety of actions like it may charge fines to the nursing home, even assign a temporary manager. If the nursing home fails to correct its misgivings, CMS has right to terminate certification agreement and thereafter it ceases to be a provider as the nursing home. Providing care, safety to nursing home residents is an uphill task. The residents often require assistance in performing daily activities including bathe and walk. The injury prevention efforts should focus on resident lifting and handling methods. A working group is to be formed to study above safety hazards and action plan to be prepared in consultation with the experts. That action plan is to be implemented in accordance with the OSHA regulations. Full-fledged records are to be maintained for future corrective action and monitoring of the each major type of incidents. There are several elements to Safety and Health program, which will be formulated, developed, and monitored to see that they are strictly followed. Outcome from each of the accident prone area so obtained will be compared with the previous month’s incidents so that progress made on each count can be notified and next corrective action is initiated. It will be a continuous process and may last for several months until desired levels of safeguards, quantitatively and qualitatively, achieved. Following are the areas, which will be studied intensively and form a part of the safety and health program. United States Department of Labor has devised guidelines to reduce the manual lifting of the residents. Ergonomic study is required to be done with respect to lifting and handling the residents for their many daily activities to increase safety of the staff and residents. Repetitive, forceful and prolonged actions of the hands with lifting, pushing, pulling of heavy objects and awkward postures could cause normal to serious injuries in the long

Safety and quality of meat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Safety and quality of meat - Assignment Example Looking at the outbreak of Food and Mouth Disease (FMD) in 2001 and the destruction this very infectious animal disease caused to the livestock industry and economy of the United Kingdom has caused the level of inspection to be increased in the import of the poultry sector of the country. The disease was completely removed from its entire root in 8 months but by this time the United Kingdom had slaughtered more than 4 million animals to stop the disease from spreading and had faced loses worth more than 5 billion dollars in its food and agriculture industry. Due to this disease United Kingdom also had to face a loss in its tourism industry as the people were scared about the food they would be eating in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom had been FMD free since the last 34 years before the FMD breakout in 2001. The United Kingdom until recent was not allowed to take part in international trade of livestock, poultry and the products produced from these livestock’s and poult ry as they could transfer the FMD virus in the other countries (United States General Accounting Office, 2002). On the other hand the United States since the last outbreak in 1929 has been a FMD free country and has not faced an outbreak of this disease till today. The poultry, livestock and agriculture industry of the United States was worth 100 billion dollars in 2001. The importance of the livestock is immense for the agricultural sector and industry of the United States and hence it is an important duty of the United States Department of Agriculture to keep the livestock safe from FMD and other animal diseases not existing in the United States. The USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) have to assure the precise labeling, the safety and healthiness of the poultry, meat and processed egg products. FSIS imposes the Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA), the Egg Products Inspection Act and the Poultry

Major Causes Of Voltage Instability

Major Causes Of Voltage Instability I. INTRODUCTION Power system stability is defined as the characteristics of a power system to remain in a state of Equilibrium at normal operating conditions and to restore an acceptable state of equilibrium after a disturbance. The power systems are heavily stressed due to the increased loading and this leads to voltage stability problem. Voltage Stability can also be called as the load stability. A power system lacks the capability to transfer an infinite amount of electrical power to the load. The main factor causing voltage instability is inability of the power system to meet the demands for reactive power in the heavily stressed systems to keep desired voltages. Voltage instability in the system generally occurs in the form of a progressive decay in voltage magnitude at some of the buses. A possible outcome of voltage instability is loss of load in an area, or tripping of transmission lines and other elements by their protective system leading to cascading outages. FACTS devices have been used, both for steady state power flow control and dynamic stability control. Using controllable components, such as controllable series capacitors and phase shifters, line flows can be changed in such a way that thermal limits are not violated and losses are minimized. These also increases stability margin, help in fulfilling contractual requirement, without violating system operating limits. II.VOLTAGE STABILITYANALYSIS Continuation Power Flow Continuation power flow was introduced to solve this singularity problem. The continuation power flow can be described as a power flow solution that can maintain the stability of the power system under normal and disturbances conditions. Therefore the main purpose of Continuation Power Flow is to find the continuity of power flow solution for a given load change. It employs the predictor-corrector scheme with an addition of load parameter ÃŽÂ » and the technique used is local parameterization. Figure 1 Predictor and Corrector illustration in CPF As shown in Fig.1, it starts from a known solution and uses a tangent predictor to estimate a subsequent solution corresponding to a different value of the load parameter. This estimate is then corrected using the same NR technique employed by a conventional power flow. The local parametization provides a means of identifying each point along the solution path and plays an integral part in avoiding singularity in the Jacobian. First let ÃŽÂ » represent the load parameter such that 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ ÃŽÂ » à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ ÃŽÂ » critical Where ÃŽÂ »=0 corresponds to base load and ÃŽÂ »= ÃŽÂ » critical corresponds to critical load. We incorporate ÃŽÂ » into conventional Newton Raphson load flow equations. Load change in PLi and QLi terms are modified by breaking each term into two components- one corresponds to original load and other represents load change brought about by a change in load parameter ÃŽÂ ». Thus PLi= PLi0 + ÃŽÂ »(kLi SΆbase cos ÃŽÂ ¨i) (1) QLi= QLi0 + ÃŽÂ »(kLi SΆbase sinÃŽÂ ¨i) (2) Where the following definitions are made; PLio, QLio original load at bus i, active and reactive respectively. kLi multiplier to designate the rate of load change at bus i as ÃŽÂ » changes ÃŽÂ ¨i power factor angle of load change at bus i SΆbase- a given quantity of apparent power which is chosen to provide appropriate scaling of ÃŽÂ » In addition, the active power generation is modified as: PGi = PGio (1+ÃŽÂ » kGi ) (3) Where PGio is the active generation at bus i in the base case and kGi is a constant used to specify the rate of generation as ÃŽÂ » varies. Now the Jacobian gets modified with the addition of a new element dÃŽÂ ». The tangent vector is calculated and the predicted solution is determined. With the local parametrization technique corrected solution is obtained. B. Contingency Ranking 1) Static Loading Margin Contingencies such as unexpected line outages often contribute to voltage collapse blackouts. These contingencies generally reduce or even eliminate the voltage stability margin. To maintain security against voltage collapse, it is desirable to estimate the effect of contingencies on the voltage stability margin. Action can then be taken to increase the margin so that likely contingencies do not cause blackout. Contingency can be defined as to a condition which involves removal of line, disconnection of generator or transformer. This creates a condition which disturbs the normal state of the system and may lead to voltage instability. A number of methods have been proposed for static voltage stability based contingency ranking. However there exists a need of efficient method requiring minimum computational time to accurately rank the contingencies based on static voltage stability Figure 2 Static loading margin The system contingencies have been ranked based on post contingency VAR requirement using two methods-Static Loading Margin (SLM) and Reactive Compensation Index (RCI). True ranking of the various contingencies have been obtained considering post-contingency static loading margin. The foremost step is to perform continuation power flow by using PSAT software. The static loading margin is the distance between the base case operating point and the nose point. A contingency having smaller value of the static loading margin can be considered more severe. 2) Reactive Compensation Index Reactive compensation index is used to perform voltage stability based contingency ranking by measuring severity of the outages. It is based on the premise that the distance between the normal case (pre contingency) nose point (max loadability point) and the post-contingency case nose point can be approximated by the total reactive injection required at the load buses to maintain similar voltages. The ranking obtained by reactive compensation index is compared with the true ranking. III. FACTS DEVICES The flexible AC transmission systems controllers have been established as an effective means in improving the system stability including voltage stability, enhancing loadability and also providing voltage control. TCSC Figure 1 shows the simple diagram of TCSC comprised of a series capacitor bank, shunted by a Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR), to provide a smoothly variable series capacitive reactance. It is a one-port circuit in series with transmission line; it uses natural commutation; its switching frequency is low; it contains insignificant energy storage and has no DC port. Insertion of a capacitive reactance in series with the lines inherent inductive reactance lowers the total, effective impedance of the line and thus virtually reduces its length. As a result, both angular and voltage stability gets improved. However, the sub synchronous series resonant frequency is produced that introduces negative damping of generator models leading to unstable system. That is the reason for not placing TCSC between lines having generators at both the ends. Figure4 Equivalent circuit of TCSC SSSC Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is a voltage sourced converter based series FACTS device that provides capacitive or inductive compensation independent of line current. The SSSC is a synchronous voltage type compensator which is analogous to an ideal electromagnetic generator that produces a set of alternating voltages at the desired fundamental frequency with controllable amplitude and phase angle. The operating principle is based on conventional series capacitive compensation which is used as a means of reducing the line impedance, which in turn increases voltage, current and transmitted power across given physical line. The SSSC offers fast control and it is inherently neutral to sub-synchronous resonance. Figure 5 Equivalent circuit of SSSC IV. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS For optimal placement of series FACTS devices, linear sensitivity of loading factor (ÃŽÂ ») with respect to line reactance has been computed using MATLAB coding technique. The calculation of the index is done such that transformers and lines connected between generators at both ends are excluded. The line having the most negative value of the Æ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »/Æ Xij sensitivity factor for the critical contingency cases has been identified for optimal series FACTS devices placement. Sensitivities are calculated under severe outage conditions at a stressed point near to maximum loadability point i.e. the values of voltage, angle and power factor are taken at the critical point as obtained from Continuation Power Flow results. The optimal location of TCSC placement has been considered in a line producing maximum in each line A criterion for the optimal placement of TCSC, in this work, has been that it should not be placed in aq line connecting two generator buses. V. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Dynamic voltage stability is analyzed by monitoring the Eigen values of the linearized system as a power system is progressively loaded. When the ÃŽÂ » parameter varies, the equilibrium points of the dynamic system also vary accordingly, and so do the Eigen values of the corresponding state matrix ASYS. The equilibrium points are asymptotically stable if all the Eigen values have negative real parts. The point where a complex conjugate pair of Eigen values reaches the imaginary axis with respect to changes in ÃŽÂ » is known as Hopf Bifurcation point. Power system oscillations are associated with a pair of complex Eigen values of equlibria crossing the imaginary axis of the complex plane, from the left half plane to the right half plane, when the system undergoes sudden changes. If this particular dynamic problem is studied using gradual changes it can be viewed as Hopf bifurcation problem. Thus by predicting these types of bifurcations well in advance, a possible dynamic instability problem may be avoided. Figure 6 Hopf Bifurcation point VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS To implement the optimal placement two case studies were taken of IEEE 14 bus system and 39 bus New England system. The software packages used in the system analysis are MATLAB, and PSAT (power system analysis toolbox) A.STATIC ANALYSIS: Continuation power flow for intact system was performed and SLM was found to State of the system Divergence point Weakest Bus Intact 2.88 5 With TCSC 3.10 4 With SSSC 3.20 4 Table 2 Comparison of loadability of the 14 bus system Line outages SLM True Ranking RCI Ranking 1-2 * 1 0.308 1 2-3 0.5593 2 0.2798 2 1-5 0.5596 4 0.1292 3 5-6 0.65508 3 0.1271 4 7-9 0.7066 5 0.0815 5 Table 1 Contingency based ranking for SLM and RCI for 14 bus system Fig7 PSAT simulink model of IEEE14 bus Test system For the placement of series FACTS devices sensitivity index for various cases is calculated and it is inferred that line 1-5 is the optimum location as the index is having most negative value for it. Newton Raphson load flow was performed on the 14 bus system and the values of P load were incremented in steps of 0.2 percentage of loading with NR load flow being performed again on the modified system. The NR diverged at 2.88 times of loading and system suffered voltage collapse. The weakest bus observed to be is the 5m bus followed by 4m bus. With TCSC placement, the NR diverges at 3.1times loading while it does the same for 3.2 when SSSC is incorporated. Thus proving that compensation provided by series FACTS devices enhances the capacity of the system to bear stress in the form of increased load. The improvement in the voltage profile for the 5th bus is better with SSSC as compared to TCSC. B. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS: The test case considered for the dynamic analysis is IEEE 14 bus system. The approach to study the stability is Hopfield Bifurcation as already mentioned. For the analysis of dynamic stability, dynamic model of 14 bus system was made which includes synchronous generators and AVR connected at the PV buses apart from the other static components. After obtaining the Hopf bifurcation of the system for the weakest bus the optimal location of the FACTS devices is determined and they are placed accordingly to provide stability to the system. The power flow is performed for the intact system and the Eigen values are found to be negative with PL = 0.076 p.u. at bus 5. When the PL is increased to 2.419 times of the initial load, two Eigen values cross the imaginary axis leading to Hopf bifurcation and instability. To render stable conditions, TCSC is optimally placed in line 1-5 based on the sensitivity index already calculated and it is found that the load can be increased till 5.58 times of the actual load before reaching the Hopf bifurcation point. The comparison of the stable and unstable system due to increased loading effect is depicted by the Figures 9 and 10. The placement of SSSC is not possible as it produced negative compensation in the system which can be related to the presence 3 synchronous condensers in the IEEE 14 bus system. This is inferred from the fact that SSSC, also acting as a VAR generator at times, adds to the reactive power generated from the other dynamic components present in the system. VII. CONCLUSION: Static voltage instability in the system may occur due to deficit of reactive power. The reactive power requirement of the system may increase under severe contingencies. Therefore, contingency ranking based on Static voltage stability criterion, can be obtained based on the extra reactive support requirement from existing sources. Dynamic voltage instability, on the other hand has been attributed to Hopf bifurcation when one pair of Eigen values of the systems state matrix reaches imaginary axis, following change in the system parameters such as load. FACTS devices prove to be an effective remedy in enhancing system voltage stability. But due to high cost of FACTS controllers their placement should be such as to improve both static and dynamic voltage stability. The comparison between the placement of TCSC and SSSC has been shown for both the static and dynamic analysis. SSSC is found to be best suited for the static stability enhancement whereas the dynamic stability improvement incorporates only TCSC.