The Impact of social class on education free essay sample

Sociologists have argued that social class differences in educational attainment can be explained in many terms but not necessarily in mutual exclusive kinds of theories such as; IQ theory; social class differences in material circumstances; sub- cultural attitudes and values and the school labelling processes Just to mention a few. Sociologists tend to be critical of the IQ theory for various reasons including the factors affecting how it is measured, so in this essay, I shall therefore concentrate pon the other more sociological approaches and exclude the IQ theory. The following list of key words were essential in my argument; different methods of attainment, gender, ethnicity, cultural deficits, social status, formal and non-formal socialisation, equality of opportunities, ladder of opportunity, formal and hidden curricula, meritocracy, anti-school subculture, cultural deprivation, material deprivation, cultural capital and self fulfilling prophecy. It is perceived that the British society is divided into different social classes. I would ardly agree with the idea that the British society is meritocratic, meaning that there is social mobility and any individual can be rewarded through hard working, skills and commitment. I would hardly agree with the idea that the British society is meritocratic, meaning that there is social mobility and any individual can be rewarded through hard working, skills and commitment. There is an upper class comprised with people that are very wealthy, by either inheritance or are self made millionaires and their children are most likely to attend private and expensive schools. The middle class; these have professional backgrounds such as teachers, doctors, surgeons etc. Their children are likely to either attend private schools or mainstream schools in a wealthy area, with good OFSTED and GCSE results. Then there are the working class people, usually with backgrounds of heavily dependent on benefits and low income paid jobs. Children from working class families do not tend to do very well in their education. They normally attend local public schools in their area and usually receive free meals at school. Although the government in many cases blame poor teaching and schools for underachievement, it recognises that a childs postcode is also a factor in determining achievement. Postcodes tend to reflect a childs social class background (Earlham sociology pages AS Level and A2 Level Sociology, 2012, online). Students from the lower class are more likely to suffer from material deprivation at home which can hold them back, they lack access to resources such as computers, useful books, educational trips, variety in mass media and by living in small dilapidated cold houses means they are less likely to have a quiet and comfortable personal study space. In some extreme situations, these children may have poor diet which can lead to illness and time off school. According to Gibson and Asthana (1999), the effects of material deprivation are cumulative, creating a cycle of deprivation. This would suggest that home background influences a child’s education (Browne 2006, p. 257). The Middle class parents can pass on cultural and material advantages that privilege or enable their children to succeed within the education system (Archer, 2003, p. 17). Certain ethnic minorities find English as their additional language affecting their childrens education. The evidence of language is central in confirming stereotypes and producing unfavourable opinions. Language and communication are so important according to Vygotsky, labelling it a â€Å"tool of thought† (Kurata 2011, p. 11). He sees it as important as a way children develop their thinking and understanding and as a means of sharing thoughts and understanding each other. Negative teacher attitudes towards the speech of culturally and socially different children affect teacher expectations, which affect pupil performance. Corson, (1998) and Pierre Bourdieu (1977) described this undermining of working-class’ ability, choices, knowledge, accent, and general confidence as a form of symbolic violence meaning that it is not acceptable. The middle-class is able to define the curriculum and what counts as meaningful knowledge. This clearly puts the working-class at a disadvantage despite their equal enthusiasm with the middle class to do the best for their children. Ball, Bowe and Gewirtz (1995) talk about cultural capital and educational choice to reflect on how being better educated themselves, middle-class parents have better knowledge and skills to negotiate and influence the education system. Many working-class parents are ambitious for their children too but do not know how to give practical help and they are usual tied up with long hours at work. However, middle class parents are likely to hold a more advantaged position than working class parents when interacting with teachers and other professionals and this may be demonstrated by their ability to: monitor their child’s progress at school, assist with home work, pay for extra tuition, they seek extra support for their child or complain about what they judge to be shortcomings in the school. Troyna (1986) and Sarup (1991) claim that there are school structures and environment that favours the white, middle-class culture especially the language and curriculum (Gewirtz, 2001. pp 365 378 ). Many sociologists see social class achievement as linked to the meanings and experience that are negotiated in schools and classrooms. According to interactionists the underachievement of working-class pupils is not caused by unequal social structures, but by processes within the school such as teacher labelling and expectations. These processes together with the hidden curriculum result in self-fulfilling prophecies and anti-school subcultures. Sociologists have also argued that relative working class educational achievement can be explained partly by processes of streaming, banding, setting and labelling. This whole system produces what I would refer to as a chain reaction of events. The streaming produces the failing and challenging schools and further streaming in classes produces the cream and the disengaged students. When teachers group students on the basis of their assumed ability, Ofsted research reveals black students are usually found in high numbers in the lower ranked groups (Gillborn 2005) Hargreaves’ idea that low stream pupils are denied academic status within the school and eventually try to regain status among their peers by misbehaving and unwillingness to work which lead to the development of anti-school subcultures in lower streams is noticeable. Additional problems arise in cases where students are labelled by teachers as worthless louts or suchlike, this would encourage more misbehaviour. There are other structural factors such as racial bullying and discrimination that can create a hostile environment in school. Also, it is possible that better teachers are assigned to higher sets and that teacher preparation for lower set is bias as these students are seen as incapable of real progress. In general terms therefore, lower set students are labelled as failures and the system of setting created the conditions which ensured failure and by so doing results in the self-fulfilling prophecy. Teachers at times chose not to teach the more complex, theoretical ideas to these lower set students on the assumption that they would not understand them. Obviously, this is likely to restrict their progress. Nevertheless in Uncertain Masculinities (2000) M. ODonnell and S. Sharpe argue strongly that negative labelling is less common nowadays. If this is true, the prospects for all poor working class children might gradually improve. Once students are in school, the dual factors of socialization and social status contribute significantly to their attitude towards learning. The school socialization process pressures students to be like their peers or risk social rejection, whereas the desire for high social status drives students to attempt to differentiate themselves in some areas such as music and dance, sports, personal style, sense of humor, or street skills. Paul Willis (1977) in â€Å"Learning to Labour† claims that the working class children choose to fail in schools as a rejection of capitalism as an act of resistance. Correspondence theory suggests that educational inequality mirrors the inequality of wider society. The â€Å"Lads† as he called them, reject the mental labour (studying and thinking) and pursue manual labour because they perceive it as an expression of masculine power and superiority representing a source of independence. There is also a possibility of lack of meaningful careers guidance and the impact of stereotyping on expectation. Joan McFarland argues in the British Journal of Sociology that in many of Willis work, his sample is not representative; he is only coming from a male standpoint. I believe in democracy and freedom with the curriculum. The so rigid and prescribed curriculum in schools kill creativity by insisting on systems and conformity, children learn to accept authority in an unthinking fashion. I believe in holistic development, meaning, Schools have major responsibilities for developing the whole person, not just their intellect. There should be Curriculum autonomy; Schools should be free to decide their own curriculum, and the way that it is taught according to (Gazeley, L. and Dunne, M. 2005). Conformity rather than independent thoughts give the view that life and education is just an inevitably routine, there is no space for naturalness or free spirit. According to Maxine Greene, we can now realise the impact of new technologies on teaching and learning using the arts as a tool for opening minds and for breaking down the barriers to imagining the realities of worlds other than our own familiar cultures. Imagination and the arts can provide experiential opportunities to see the world from multiple perspectives, helping individuals to â€Å"wake up† and question what is going on around them in order to start their own journey towards freedom (The Maxine Greene Foundation for Social Imagination, the Arts Education, 2008 online). In conclusion, I would cry for more democracy in how the curriculum is set. I would agree with Dewey and Maxine Greene on their idea of imagination, flexibility and freedom with the curriculum instead of focusing more on certain core subjects. In this contemporary world, there are more opportunities in art, music, sports and other professions related to Physical Educational industry rather than just Mathematics, Science and English.

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Cloning- ethical issue essays

Cloning- ethical issue essays The issue I have chosen to investigate is the issue of cloning. I personally believe that the cloning of both animals and humans is wrong, and in this essay I will argue this point. I will also argue that we are not God and have no right to be changing and experimenting with the genes of living organisms. The results may be catastrophic beyond the bounds of ethics. My first argument is that although this is ethically wrong, there is also absolutely no need to clone a person. Even for surrogate bodies to provide human spare parts, for this would still involve having to kill the clone, which is murder. How would you feel if you knew that you were only brought into this world for the use of spare parts? The knowledge we have at Present is also totally insufficient to be able clone humans safely, and should not be allowed under any circumstances or need. Some people argue that GOD cloned Eve and that if it is ok for GOD to clone a person, then why not the human race? But cloning of an adult to an adult is beyond the knowledge as of this day. The cloning science is exact, whereas the ethics part of the subject changes due to persons emotional, religious and political beliefs. Many people believe that cloning may advance certain aspects of science, far further than any of us would begin to understand, and that apart for religious people, there is no one who should be against it. There is also arguments that the therapeutic benefit will be positive and may lead to the cures for Parkinsons, alzheimers and other disease. Also the cloning of a child who had died would crate a social benefit. But will the cloning of one human lead to the cloning of another, and then to superior races...and where will it end? To imagine something being created that would have the learing ability above our own, strength, and something that could easily become unstoppable, is by far ...

Module 5 - Case Managing Workplace Safety and Health Assignment

Module 5 - Case Managing Workplace Safety and Health - Assignment Example The law gives permission to CMS for variety of actions like it may charge fines to the nursing home, even assign a temporary manager. If the nursing home fails to correct its misgivings, CMS has right to terminate certification agreement and thereafter it ceases to be a provider as the nursing home. Providing care, safety to nursing home residents is an uphill task. The residents often require assistance in performing daily activities including bathe and walk. The injury prevention efforts should focus on resident lifting and handling methods. A working group is to be formed to study above safety hazards and action plan to be prepared in consultation with the experts. That action plan is to be implemented in accordance with the OSHA regulations. Full-fledged records are to be maintained for future corrective action and monitoring of the each major type of incidents. There are several elements to Safety and Health program, which will be formulated, developed, and monitored to see that they are strictly followed. Outcome from each of the accident prone area so obtained will be compared with the previous month’s incidents so that progress made on each count can be notified and next corrective action is initiated. It will be a continuous process and may last for several months until desired levels of safeguards, quantitatively and qualitatively, achieved. Following are the areas, which will be studied intensively and form a part of the safety and health program. United States Department of Labor has devised guidelines to reduce the manual lifting of the residents. Ergonomic study is required to be done with respect to lifting and handling the residents for their many daily activities to increase safety of the staff and residents. Repetitive, forceful and prolonged actions of the hands with lifting, pushing, pulling of heavy objects and awkward postures could cause normal to serious injuries in the long

Safety and quality of meat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Safety and quality of meat - Assignment Example Looking at the outbreak of Food and Mouth Disease (FMD) in 2001 and the destruction this very infectious animal disease caused to the livestock industry and economy of the United Kingdom has caused the level of inspection to be increased in the import of the poultry sector of the country. The disease was completely removed from its entire root in 8 months but by this time the United Kingdom had slaughtered more than 4 million animals to stop the disease from spreading and had faced loses worth more than 5 billion dollars in its food and agriculture industry. Due to this disease United Kingdom also had to face a loss in its tourism industry as the people were scared about the food they would be eating in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom had been FMD free since the last 34 years before the FMD breakout in 2001. The United Kingdom until recent was not allowed to take part in international trade of livestock, poultry and the products produced from these livestock’s and poult ry as they could transfer the FMD virus in the other countries (United States General Accounting Office, 2002). On the other hand the United States since the last outbreak in 1929 has been a FMD free country and has not faced an outbreak of this disease till today. The poultry, livestock and agriculture industry of the United States was worth 100 billion dollars in 2001. The importance of the livestock is immense for the agricultural sector and industry of the United States and hence it is an important duty of the United States Department of Agriculture to keep the livestock safe from FMD and other animal diseases not existing in the United States. The USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) have to assure the precise labeling, the safety and healthiness of the poultry, meat and processed egg products. FSIS imposes the Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA), the Egg Products Inspection Act and the Poultry

Major Causes Of Voltage Instability

Major Causes Of Voltage Instability I. INTRODUCTION Power system stability is defined as the characteristics of a power system to remain in a state of Equilibrium at normal operating conditions and to restore an acceptable state of equilibrium after a disturbance. The power systems are heavily stressed due to the increased loading and this leads to voltage stability problem. Voltage Stability can also be called as the load stability. A power system lacks the capability to transfer an infinite amount of electrical power to the load. The main factor causing voltage instability is inability of the power system to meet the demands for reactive power in the heavily stressed systems to keep desired voltages. Voltage instability in the system generally occurs in the form of a progressive decay in voltage magnitude at some of the buses. A possible outcome of voltage instability is loss of load in an area, or tripping of transmission lines and other elements by their protective system leading to cascading outages. FACTS devices have been used, both for steady state power flow control and dynamic stability control. Using controllable components, such as controllable series capacitors and phase shifters, line flows can be changed in such a way that thermal limits are not violated and losses are minimized. These also increases stability margin, help in fulfilling contractual requirement, without violating system operating limits. II.VOLTAGE STABILITYANALYSIS Continuation Power Flow Continuation power flow was introduced to solve this singularity problem. The continuation power flow can be described as a power flow solution that can maintain the stability of the power system under normal and disturbances conditions. Therefore the main purpose of Continuation Power Flow is to find the continuity of power flow solution for a given load change. It employs the predictor-corrector scheme with an addition of load parameter ÃŽÂ » and the technique used is local parameterization. Figure 1 Predictor and Corrector illustration in CPF As shown in Fig.1, it starts from a known solution and uses a tangent predictor to estimate a subsequent solution corresponding to a different value of the load parameter. This estimate is then corrected using the same NR technique employed by a conventional power flow. The local parametization provides a means of identifying each point along the solution path and plays an integral part in avoiding singularity in the Jacobian. First let ÃŽÂ » represent the load parameter such that 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ ÃŽÂ » à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ ÃŽÂ » critical Where ÃŽÂ »=0 corresponds to base load and ÃŽÂ »= ÃŽÂ » critical corresponds to critical load. We incorporate ÃŽÂ » into conventional Newton Raphson load flow equations. Load change in PLi and QLi terms are modified by breaking each term into two components- one corresponds to original load and other represents load change brought about by a change in load parameter ÃŽÂ ». Thus PLi= PLi0 + ÃŽÂ »(kLi SΆbase cos ÃŽÂ ¨i) (1) QLi= QLi0 + ÃŽÂ »(kLi SΆbase sinÃŽÂ ¨i) (2) Where the following definitions are made; PLio, QLio original load at bus i, active and reactive respectively. kLi multiplier to designate the rate of load change at bus i as ÃŽÂ » changes ÃŽÂ ¨i power factor angle of load change at bus i SΆbase- a given quantity of apparent power which is chosen to provide appropriate scaling of ÃŽÂ » In addition, the active power generation is modified as: PGi = PGio (1+ÃŽÂ » kGi ) (3) Where PGio is the active generation at bus i in the base case and kGi is a constant used to specify the rate of generation as ÃŽÂ » varies. Now the Jacobian gets modified with the addition of a new element dÃŽÂ ». The tangent vector is calculated and the predicted solution is determined. With the local parametrization technique corrected solution is obtained. B. Contingency Ranking 1) Static Loading Margin Contingencies such as unexpected line outages often contribute to voltage collapse blackouts. These contingencies generally reduce or even eliminate the voltage stability margin. To maintain security against voltage collapse, it is desirable to estimate the effect of contingencies on the voltage stability margin. Action can then be taken to increase the margin so that likely contingencies do not cause blackout. Contingency can be defined as to a condition which involves removal of line, disconnection of generator or transformer. This creates a condition which disturbs the normal state of the system and may lead to voltage instability. A number of methods have been proposed for static voltage stability based contingency ranking. However there exists a need of efficient method requiring minimum computational time to accurately rank the contingencies based on static voltage stability Figure 2 Static loading margin The system contingencies have been ranked based on post contingency VAR requirement using two methods-Static Loading Margin (SLM) and Reactive Compensation Index (RCI). True ranking of the various contingencies have been obtained considering post-contingency static loading margin. The foremost step is to perform continuation power flow by using PSAT software. The static loading margin is the distance between the base case operating point and the nose point. A contingency having smaller value of the static loading margin can be considered more severe. 2) Reactive Compensation Index Reactive compensation index is used to perform voltage stability based contingency ranking by measuring severity of the outages. It is based on the premise that the distance between the normal case (pre contingency) nose point (max loadability point) and the post-contingency case nose point can be approximated by the total reactive injection required at the load buses to maintain similar voltages. The ranking obtained by reactive compensation index is compared with the true ranking. III. FACTS DEVICES The flexible AC transmission systems controllers have been established as an effective means in improving the system stability including voltage stability, enhancing loadability and also providing voltage control. TCSC Figure 1 shows the simple diagram of TCSC comprised of a series capacitor bank, shunted by a Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR), to provide a smoothly variable series capacitive reactance. It is a one-port circuit in series with transmission line; it uses natural commutation; its switching frequency is low; it contains insignificant energy storage and has no DC port. Insertion of a capacitive reactance in series with the lines inherent inductive reactance lowers the total, effective impedance of the line and thus virtually reduces its length. As a result, both angular and voltage stability gets improved. However, the sub synchronous series resonant frequency is produced that introduces negative damping of generator models leading to unstable system. That is the reason for not placing TCSC between lines having generators at both the ends. Figure4 Equivalent circuit of TCSC SSSC Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is a voltage sourced converter based series FACTS device that provides capacitive or inductive compensation independent of line current. The SSSC is a synchronous voltage type compensator which is analogous to an ideal electromagnetic generator that produces a set of alternating voltages at the desired fundamental frequency with controllable amplitude and phase angle. The operating principle is based on conventional series capacitive compensation which is used as a means of reducing the line impedance, which in turn increases voltage, current and transmitted power across given physical line. The SSSC offers fast control and it is inherently neutral to sub-synchronous resonance. Figure 5 Equivalent circuit of SSSC IV. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS For optimal placement of series FACTS devices, linear sensitivity of loading factor (ÃŽÂ ») with respect to line reactance has been computed using MATLAB coding technique. The calculation of the index is done such that transformers and lines connected between generators at both ends are excluded. The line having the most negative value of the Æ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »/Æ Xij sensitivity factor for the critical contingency cases has been identified for optimal series FACTS devices placement. Sensitivities are calculated under severe outage conditions at a stressed point near to maximum loadability point i.e. the values of voltage, angle and power factor are taken at the critical point as obtained from Continuation Power Flow results. The optimal location of TCSC placement has been considered in a line producing maximum in each line A criterion for the optimal placement of TCSC, in this work, has been that it should not be placed in aq line connecting two generator buses. V. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Dynamic voltage stability is analyzed by monitoring the Eigen values of the linearized system as a power system is progressively loaded. When the ÃŽÂ » parameter varies, the equilibrium points of the dynamic system also vary accordingly, and so do the Eigen values of the corresponding state matrix ASYS. The equilibrium points are asymptotically stable if all the Eigen values have negative real parts. The point where a complex conjugate pair of Eigen values reaches the imaginary axis with respect to changes in ÃŽÂ » is known as Hopf Bifurcation point. Power system oscillations are associated with a pair of complex Eigen values of equlibria crossing the imaginary axis of the complex plane, from the left half plane to the right half plane, when the system undergoes sudden changes. If this particular dynamic problem is studied using gradual changes it can be viewed as Hopf bifurcation problem. Thus by predicting these types of bifurcations well in advance, a possible dynamic instability problem may be avoided. Figure 6 Hopf Bifurcation point VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS To implement the optimal placement two case studies were taken of IEEE 14 bus system and 39 bus New England system. The software packages used in the system analysis are MATLAB, and PSAT (power system analysis toolbox) A.STATIC ANALYSIS: Continuation power flow for intact system was performed and SLM was found to State of the system Divergence point Weakest Bus Intact 2.88 5 With TCSC 3.10 4 With SSSC 3.20 4 Table 2 Comparison of loadability of the 14 bus system Line outages SLM True Ranking RCI Ranking 1-2 * 1 0.308 1 2-3 0.5593 2 0.2798 2 1-5 0.5596 4 0.1292 3 5-6 0.65508 3 0.1271 4 7-9 0.7066 5 0.0815 5 Table 1 Contingency based ranking for SLM and RCI for 14 bus system Fig7 PSAT simulink model of IEEE14 bus Test system For the placement of series FACTS devices sensitivity index for various cases is calculated and it is inferred that line 1-5 is the optimum location as the index is having most negative value for it. Newton Raphson load flow was performed on the 14 bus system and the values of P load were incremented in steps of 0.2 percentage of loading with NR load flow being performed again on the modified system. The NR diverged at 2.88 times of loading and system suffered voltage collapse. The weakest bus observed to be is the 5m bus followed by 4m bus. With TCSC placement, the NR diverges at 3.1times loading while it does the same for 3.2 when SSSC is incorporated. Thus proving that compensation provided by series FACTS devices enhances the capacity of the system to bear stress in the form of increased load. The improvement in the voltage profile for the 5th bus is better with SSSC as compared to TCSC. B. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS: The test case considered for the dynamic analysis is IEEE 14 bus system. The approach to study the stability is Hopfield Bifurcation as already mentioned. For the analysis of dynamic stability, dynamic model of 14 bus system was made which includes synchronous generators and AVR connected at the PV buses apart from the other static components. After obtaining the Hopf bifurcation of the system for the weakest bus the optimal location of the FACTS devices is determined and they are placed accordingly to provide stability to the system. The power flow is performed for the intact system and the Eigen values are found to be negative with PL = 0.076 p.u. at bus 5. When the PL is increased to 2.419 times of the initial load, two Eigen values cross the imaginary axis leading to Hopf bifurcation and instability. To render stable conditions, TCSC is optimally placed in line 1-5 based on the sensitivity index already calculated and it is found that the load can be increased till 5.58 times of the actual load before reaching the Hopf bifurcation point. The comparison of the stable and unstable system due to increased loading effect is depicted by the Figures 9 and 10. The placement of SSSC is not possible as it produced negative compensation in the system which can be related to the presence 3 synchronous condensers in the IEEE 14 bus system. This is inferred from the fact that SSSC, also acting as a VAR generator at times, adds to the reactive power generated from the other dynamic components present in the system. VII. CONCLUSION: Static voltage instability in the system may occur due to deficit of reactive power. The reactive power requirement of the system may increase under severe contingencies. Therefore, contingency ranking based on Static voltage stability criterion, can be obtained based on the extra reactive support requirement from existing sources. Dynamic voltage instability, on the other hand has been attributed to Hopf bifurcation when one pair of Eigen values of the systems state matrix reaches imaginary axis, following change in the system parameters such as load. FACTS devices prove to be an effective remedy in enhancing system voltage stability. But due to high cost of FACTS controllers their placement should be such as to improve both static and dynamic voltage stability. The comparison between the placement of TCSC and SSSC has been shown for both the static and dynamic analysis. SSSC is found to be best suited for the static stability enhancement whereas the dynamic stability improvement incorporates only TCSC.

Identify the Difference Between Start Up and Operating Costs, Variablecpsts and Fixed Costs Essay

A start-up cost is a cost that you start with for example in the flower shop it would be a deposit on the shop and the first month’s rent. Also the first lot of stock, advertisement a sign, table, counter, till and a credit card machine. The operating costs are costs that you carry on paying for throughout the time your business is open, for example in the flower shop they would be rent, wages, heating and lighting, insurance, loan interest, drawing (personal salary) , ribbons, stock, boxes and plastic sheets. So the difference between the two above would be that start-up costs are only when the business is starting to get up and running and the operating costs are something you pay for throughout the time your business is open. Fixed costs are a part of operating costs but fixed costs would have one price that doesn’t change throughout the time your business is open that’s why they call it fixed, the fixed costs would be: rent. This would cost  £700 per month, mages. This would cost  £500 per month. Heating and lighting would cost  £200 per month, insurance would cost  £160 per month, loan interests cost  £40 per month on top of how much you had loaned to you and drawings (personal salary would cost  £400 per month. Fixed costs do not vary without put, so weather the flower shop gets loads of customers or not they still have to pay fixed costs. A variable cost is a cost that can vary throughout the time your business is open, a good example for the flower shop is packaging , as the more flowers you sell the more packaging you would need, the same as ribbon, plastic sheets and gift tags.

Reasons Behind Colonial Settlements in North America Essay

As a whole, I believe economic development had a larger impact on colonial settlement than religious concerns, but this varies with the individual colonies. Each colony had something different to offer England and a different motive for settling. New England came about because the Puritans and Separatists wanted a place to worship free the original Church of England. Virginia, on the other hand, was established at first as a trade colony and base for gold and precious metal expeditions. The Maryland colony was founded in order to further the cultivation of certain crops like tobacco. Religion was by no means pushed away in the colonies. It was a strong and meaningful force for almost all colonists; it Just wasn’t always their driving force. England held economic control over all colonies and did not let anything get in the way of that. Virginia became an agricultural settlement that brought large amounts of money to Britain. Religion was important and valued higher than everything except money. The colony of Maryland was given by Charles I to George Calvert, whose son (Cecilius Calvert) allowed freedom of religion to all Christian settlers in the colony. That was the biggest difference between Maryland and Virginia, who both became agricultural societies fairly quickly. Indentured servants were shipped to work the fields, which created a populous community and a strong economy. New England was created for more than Just a place for the Puritans and Separatists to worship freely. Because of American influence in English lifestyle (mainly food), the population doubled, leading to high inflation, a very unbalanced wealth distribution, and a plummeting economy. As a result of overpopulation and poverty, people were drawn to North America. Among the attracted people were Puritans and Separatists, who could both escape poverty and start a new colony based off of their own religious beliefs. These people were rebels in the eyes of the English hierarchy, and therefore received much less funding and support from the government. New England evolved as more of a family friendly colony than the Chesapeake Bay colonies, which were more business and economically focused. The Chesapeake Bay colonies were established by the English government for the sole purpose of economic development, while New England was founded by religious leaders escaping English intolerance. The Massachusetts Bay Company was moved to New England, along with the addition of three thousand Puritans by the year of 1643. The area sprouted busy seaports in coastal towns and farms in agricultural. As the population grew, New England became more financially inclined. Compared to other European societies, English colonies were as equally everyday life centered as economically centered. They brought their culture, religion, and everyday life to North America. New England and the Chesapeake Bay colonies had different personalities and goals when it came to economic, religious, and settling beliefs. The economy was a focus point for both colonies, but especially the Chesapeake bay colonies, while religion was the founder of New England.

Agriculture and Farm Machinery Over the Years

Comparing William Blakes The Tyger and The Lamb Essay

Comparing William Blakes â€Å"The Tyger† and â€Å"The Lamb† William Blake is referred to as many things, including poet, engraver, painter and mystic, but he is probably most famous for his poetry. Blake began writing the poems below in about 1790 whilst living in Lambeth, London. His poetry has a wide range of styles but his most famous poems are those from â€Å"Songs of Innocence† and Song of Experience†. The two sets of poems are designed to show different states or ways of seeing. They are Blakes way of representing the different ways in which people actually experience the world. In â€Å"Songs of Innocence† the language is simple and repetitive, the lines are kept short and the rhymes are obvious. A childlike vision is conveyed†¦show more content†¦The tiger itself appears dangerous but beautiful - burning bright . The poem is full of questions, but two main questions are being asked. â€Å"Who is this God, who could imagine such a terrifying beast?† and â€Å"Who is God who dares to make such a terrifying beast? You can see how the first question is slightly linked to the second question by looking at the slight alteration between the first and sixth stanza( Could and Dare)The poem draws our attention to the fact that the world contains conflicting elements: ferocity, strength gentleness, peace - these elements all being present in God. The poem maintains a rhythm of four beats to a line as well as frequent examples of alliteration and assonance. This makes the poem easier to understand for all ages. There is a lot of repetition in the poem, Tiger. is repeated in the opening line, and the first stanza is repeated with a slight alteration. At the end of the poem the words What? , dare and dread make several appearances. The repetition of these words and the questioning creates a sense of awe and wonder. The imagery used in the poem creates a picture of God as blacksmith. seize the fire , twist the sinews , hammer , chain , furnace , anvil . Blake once used to be an engraver so that might have been his inspiration. â€Å"The Lamb† begins with the question, Little Lamb, who made thee? The first stanza is rural andShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake s The Tyger1132 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Tragedies William Blake wrote a set of poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Some of the poems in each collection were meant to be read together to show the difference between innocence and experience. Many people question why Blake wrote a two part series to his poems and what they could actually mean. Two specific poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† were meant to be read together. â€Å"The Lamb† is a part of Blake’s Songs of Innocence andRead MoreThe Lamb and the Tyger Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tyger and The Lamb by William Blake, written in 1794 included both of these poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Song of Experience, takes readers on a journey of faith. Through a cycle of unanswered questions, William Blake motivates the readers to question God. These two poems are meant to be interpreted in a comparison and contrast. They share two different perspectives, those being innocence and experience. To Blake, innocence is not better than experience. Both states haveRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger1493 Words   |  6 Pagesresponses to the natural world, William Blake explores the concept of life’s dualities and how this concept applied to life in 18th Century Britain, as well as to the relationship between the body and spirit, in his most popular works, Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Showing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul (1794). Two standout poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† respectively taken from Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, demonstrate Blake’s meditation on how innocence and experienceRead MoreEssay about Comparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake676 Words   |  3 PagesComparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Of the many poetic works by William Blake, The Lamb and The Tyger show a large amount of similarity, as well as differences, both in the way he describes the creatures and in the style he chose to write them. The reader will find many similarities in these two poems. Both of them discuss the creation of the creatures by God. The lines, Little Lamb, who made thee? and What immortal hand or eye could frame thy fearfulRead More Comparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesComparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake In this essay I am going to analyse, compare and contrast two poems by William Blake. They are called The Lamb and The Tyger. I will be looking at how Blake uses imagery, structure and form to create effects and how the environment that Blake lived in affected the way he wrote his poems. In the late 18th century, the world was changing and developing into a new world quite fast. Blake was born in London, the third of five childrenRead More Creating Blakes Tyger Essay3597 Words   |  15 PagesCreating Blake’s â€Å"Tyger† The Eighteenth-century British Romantic, William Blake, was an accomplished painter, engraver, and illustrator during his lifetime, but is best remembered for his poetry. Though Blake’s genius was generally dismissed by the public of his own era and he died with little acclaim, he has since been regarded as one of the greatest figures of the Romantic Movement. Whether with paint or pen, Blake is renowned for his ability to create works of art which, overRead MoreSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 Pages Simple, limited, and unadventurous all describe William Blake’s life (Greenblatt, Abrams, Lynch, Stillinger). Blake was born November 28, 1757 in London, England and his artistic ability became evident in his early years. Blake had a very simple upbringing and had little education. His formal education was in art and at the age of fourteen he entered an apprenticeship with a well-known engraver who taught Blake his skills in engraving. In Blake’s free time, he began reading writing poetry. At theRead MoreEssay Comparing the Lamb and the Tyger in In Songs of Innocence592 Words   |  3 PagesComparing the Lamb and the Tyger in In Songs of Innocence Children embody the very essence of innocence. They see the world through virgin eyes, hear life with fresh ears and create the world with a simple mind and pure heart. It is about the only time in a persons life when the weight of sin, corruption, egotism, and hatred are not blurring their vision and thoughts. It is the only time a person is completely free. But this state of innocence becomes separated and exiled once experienceRead MoreEssay on The Symmetry: A World with Both Lamb and Tiger1063 Words   |  5 Pages Why did God create both gentle and fearful creatures? Why did God create a world with bloodshed, pain and terror? The Tyger by William Blake, written in 1794 and included in his collection Songs of Innocence and Experience, takes readers on a journey of faith. Through a cycle of unanswered questions, William Blake motivates the readers to question God. Blake sees a necessity for balance in the world, and suggests to the readers that God created a world with a balance of good and evil soRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lamb and The Tyger In the poems The Lamb and The Tyger, William Blake uses symbolism, tone, and rhyme to advance the theme that God can create good and bad creatures. The poem The Lamb was in Blakes Songs of Innocence, which was published in 1789. The Tyger, in his Songs of Experience, was published in 1794. In these contrasting poems he shows symbols of what he calls the two contrary states of the human soul (Shilstone 1). In The Lamb, Blake uses the symbol of the

Organizational Behavior Concepts of atT Essay - 1954 Words

AT T is the largest communications company in the world. The company is the leading U.S. provider of wireless, high speed Internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory publishing and advertising services. They have even expanded to include entertainment with television services called UVERSE TV. With the many accomplishments of this media giant its portrayal of evidenced practice of some successful organizational behavior concepts reveal clear understanding of leadership. AT T has proven success through effective organizational behaviors that include focusing on organizational structure, organizational culture and communication. Organization culture is the matter that holds a company intact. This is what makes each†¦show more content†¦This organization encourages the development of a comprehensive work environment where all employees are respected and can achieve at their fullest potential. ATT has a very strong culture and their values are not only shared with management, but by all employees. While mergers are known to affect an organization’s culture, AT T has proven success with at least three mergers. In October of 2004 ATT completed a merger with Cingular to become ATT wireless. In November of 2005, SBC and ATT finalized their union and with that ATT Corporation became ATT Incorporated. The organization became the largest phone company in the United States when they acquired SBC, serving 13 states in the western and southwestern part of the U.S. Their latest acquisition came in Mar of 2006 when Bellsouth was purchased (ATT Inc. Notable Corporate Chronologies Online Version, 2006). With the merger of Bellsouth, ATT picked up another nine states in the Southeast to provide available service in a total of 22 states (Reardon, 2006). The merger of ATT and BellSouth, along with the consolidation of Cingular Wireless, will continue advancement in the communications and entertainment industry, where they will continue to invent new resolutions for consumers and businesses. These accomplishments prove that ATT has a successful organizational culture. Organizational structure for the largest provider inShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior Concepts Of ATT Essay1854 Words   |  8 PagesAT T is the largest communications company in the world. The company is the leading U.S. provider of wireless, high speed Internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory publishing and advertising services. They have even expanded to include entertainment with television services called UVERSE TV. With the many accomplishments of this media giant its portrayal of evidenced practice of some successful organizational behavior concepts reveal clear understanding of leadership. AT Read MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper850 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper The following essay will be described the organizational behavior terminology and concepts applied in the organization. The following topics will be presented: Organization culture as internal and external environment of control. Diversity as of individual differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, disabilities, and sexual orientation. As the last subject communication as the human skill that helps the organization to work well withRead MorePersonality Analysis and the Study of Organizational Behavior1704 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of research in the realm of organizational behavior because In order for managers to predict behavior, they must know the personalities of those who work for them, (Personality and Values, n.d.). 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Lewin’s Three-Stage Model Lewin’s approachRead MoreKey Resources That Affect Creativity Are Time And Money778 Words   |  4 Pagescreativity by serving as a role model, persevering through tough problem, as well as encouraging trust, collaboration and communication within the team.(Bateman, 1999) †¢ Organizational Support - Encouragement from supervisors certainly fosters creativity, but creativity is truly enhanced when the entire organizationsupports it. Organizational leaders must put in place appropriate systems or procedures that value and recognize creative contributions. †¢ Managerial Implication- Positive approach to innovationRead MoreLeading Employees Of Different Cultural Backgrounds1266 Words   |  6 Pageswork force is made up of people all around the globe, managing such a diverse work force is a challenge. An organization is doomed if the management fails to lead, motivate and inspire their diverse workforce. One aspect of management specifies the behavior, attitude and the level of motivation in any given situation this could be even more problematic in multicultural work environments. There could be many different factors as well as conditions that could influence the management’s style which includesRead MoreLeadership: an Integrative Approach1334 Words   |  6 PagesLDR/531 March 10th, 2012 Professor Miguel Rodriguez Carrasquillo Leadership: An Integrative Approach Leadership, as stated by Yukl (2010), is a multifaceted concept that has kept a passionate interest among its followers and people since it takes into account the characteristics of the leaders, followers and the surrounding environment. Also, in his work Yukl (2010) portrays the term as both a specialized roleRead MoreThe Role Of Organizational Behavior By Embracing Performance Management Research Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues’, Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), pp.507-525. Aguinis, H., C. Pierce, (2008) ‘Enhancing the Relevance of Organizational Behavior by Embracing Performance Management Research’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29 (1) pp.139-145 Atrill, P., E. McLaney, (2011) Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists, 7th Edition, Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall Barney, J. (1986) ‘Organizational Culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage’? Academy of Management 11(3), pp. 656-665. BarneyRead MoreMusic Games International ( Mgi )1692 Words   |  7 Pageslack of organization and control, views were aired in an unstructured manner. Since there was no particular leader to call order, meetings could go on for long hours without members reaching an agreement. Organizational behavior entails a lot in an organization. The concept in which, diverse models and philosophies are articulated towards enhancing job performance, facilitating leadership, encouraging innovation among other critical elements that should be taken into consideration. Thus

Hospitality Property and Facilities Management Hotel Developmental Ro

Question: Discuss about theHospitality Property and Facilities Management for Hotel Developmental Roles. Answer: Hotel Developmental Roles Although Property Development Managers, construction project managers, facilities managers and town planners are involved in hotel property development. The property development managers are responsible for management of personal property, tooling, equipment and capital assets. The property development managers are responsible for obtaining planning permission, organizing renovations or leasing property. The property developers are responsible for acquiring property and oversee the construction of industrial, residential and commercial structures (MacLaran, 2014). The property development managers are responsible for full and proper screening of the applicants criminal history, ability to pay. The property development manager also maintains necessary records for taxation and legal purposes. The property development managers are responsible for negotiating the purchase of land and managing the work of architects. The property development manager is responsible to prepare funding propo sals to the management. The site audits must be arranged and manages the design phase (MacLaran, 2014). Construction project managers supervise the construction projects from the beginning to the end. They are responsible for controlling the time, cost and quality of construction projects ranging from industries, residential and commercial to bridges, roads and schools. The managers are responsible to negotiate contracts with vendors, contractors and architects. They must also ensure that the project is completed within deadlines and all issues are resolved. The construction managers ensure that the building codes meet legal and regulatory requirements (MacLaran, 2014). He is also responsible for making the changes as required for resolving issues. The construction manager manages daily utilization and implementation. A single manager might oversee an entire construction project, or multiple managers might oversee specific aspects of a larger project. Managers can be self-employed or be employees of construction management companies, developers or property owners. The managers are also required to co-ordinate different levels of staff and train them (MacLaran, 2014). The facility manager plays multiple roles in health and safety, security, cleaning, fire safety, business continuity planning, testing and inspections, and space allocation. Facility manager department in an organization may lead to loss of business, injury, insurance claim and prosecution. Every organization faces several maintenance and security issues. The organizations aim to protect employees from injuries, damage or loss of lives. The facility manager is supposed to inspect, test and maintain the place with compliance certificates. The facility managers are also required to organize cleaning operations effectively (Barrett Baldry, 2013). The managers replenish consumables such as soap, toilet rolls, reactive response, litter picking and cleaning of toilets. The facility managers are responsible for ensuring safety through employee training, inspection and security. The managers are also responsible for maintaining cleanliness. The facility manager must ensure that the space in the building is utilized efficiently. Facility management is responsible for maintaining and providing appropriate assets that help in implementing effective operational safety policies. One of the critical jobs of the facility manager is to protect the workers from occupational hazards. The manager may evaluate the tasks and job sites. Accordingly, the facility manager may develop a comprehensive safety program (Reason, 2016). Town planners have several responsibilities. They are responsible for negotiating with the developers, architects and surveyors. They are responsible to specialize in a specific or particular field for working across a variety of areas. The town planners keep the legislation updated related with land use. They are responsible for designing layouts and drafting design statements. They develop original and creative planning for satisfying all the parties. They understand the population trends and the demand patterns. The town planners are responsible to prepare reports and plans from house extensions to international airports. They lay emphasis on the matters related to town and country planning. They also focus on transport plans and parking lot plans. They are responsible to schedule available resources to meet planning targets. They research and analyse data to help inform strategic developments, such as increases in affordable housing provision (Coaffee, 2013). Sustainability Sustainability can simply be defined as living within the limits. The organizations are increasingly integrating sustainability into their products, services and processes. Sustainability is a continuous process, and no matter how sustainable the assets are designed in the original construction, the maintenance needs to be continually improved. Sustainability in building and facility operations help in identifying goals and reducing environmental impact. Facilities involve office buildings, hospitals and warehouses. Several measures such as greening of buildings, recycling, energy efficiency and reduction of carbon footprints are several efforts that can be made in facilities (Yung, Chan, 2012). Sustainability in buildings and maintaining facilities involve sustainable practices in making the design and construction sites environmentally responsible. There shall be sustainability involved in every phase from site selection, designing, operations, construction, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. Sustainability shall help in understanding the interconnections between economy, society and environment. Sustainability shall help in improving overall efficiency in grounds, operations and buildings. The job of a facility manager is to maintain the grounds and building of an organization. They look after various business services or non-core functions. The limited and non-renewable resources usage can be reduced. The carbon footprint can be reduced and indoor environmental quality of existing as well as new buildings can be improved (Eichholtz, Kok, Quigley, 2013). Decisions such as this which are often made outside of any environmental assessment process can have a far greater impact on sustainability than decisions that designers are able to influence such as the form of the building and selection of materials. The facilities operations and maintenance must assure that the design and construction of facility is sustainable. Sustainability is necessary in operations and maintenance. The scope of operations and management include keeping the build environment, facilities, infrastructure, utility systems, roads, drainage structures, grounds and parking lots sustainable. A well build construction site should conserve energy, water and be resource efficient. The site must meet the comfort, safety and health requirements of the occupants in the building. The construction and operation of buildings affect the environment (Ahn et al., 2013). Although a building or construction site may choose to prioritize energy reduction, waste minimization, water conservation and integrated approach to maintenance and operations. Sustainable buildings improve the overall life cycle including maintenance, operations and disposal costs. Building design, operations and construction affect the health of occupants, community and natural resources. The health of the building occupants shall be directly affected based on the ventilation, location of toxins or wastes, airflow and pressure, management of emissions, choice of building materials and operational procedures. The access to daylight is another significant factor affecting staff productivity and health outcomes (Yung Chan, 2012). The health of surrounding community is also affected as the local water quality and air is affected by the choice of building designs. Off-gassing of building materials, exhausts emitting volatile organic compounds and fumes from construction equipment can cause allergies, respiratory issues and other illness. The transportation planning and thoughtful land use can influence the amount of toxic emissions released into the air and water. The healthy of natural resources and global community is also affected as the persistent carcinogens, toxic compounds and endocrine disruptors can threaten the communities where these materials and manufactured (Glavinich, 2013). The buildings life cycle, maintenance and operations must seek to purchase cleaning products and supplies that are bio-degradable in nature. The indoor air quality can be improved with the sustainable use of materials. The facilities can also use automated monitors and controls for temperature, water, moisture, ventilation, energy and waste. The waste must be reduced through reduction and recycling. High efficiency equipments and improving the tightness of the building are other ways to improve cycles. Green meeting practices can be implemented. The organic materials can be composted on-site. The environmental plan shall establish risk and mitigation measures (Kibert, 2012). Energy Audit An energy audit is a survey, inspection and systematic procedures that help in obtaining adequate knowledge of the energy consumption. An energy audit also helps in identifying the cost-effective opportunities. It is a process or system that helps in reducing the amount of energy input without adverse effect on the output. Energy audit might be the first step in identifying opportunities towards reducing carbon footprint and energy expenditure (Dall'O, 2013). The energy audit helps in making the place more efficient as one can measure the areas that require improvement. Audits alone do not save energy. The recommendations and necessary steps need to be followed for saving energy. The energy audit shall provide detailed guide as to what specific improvements are needed that would help in saving energy. The houses as well as workplaces suffer from issues where they do not realize that problems are energy related. The energy audit shall help in making the owners realize the ways in which energy is inefficiently utilized (Fleiter, Schleich, Ravivanpong, 2012). The energy audit is connected to cost, time, phasing and reporting characteristics. The reporting of an energy audit is closely connected to the thoroughness, cost and audit work. The main options of the energy audit reporting are: very light reporting, simple savings oriented reporting, and detailed technical reporting. The light reporting shall list or introduce the main results in the summary. The simple-savings reporting shall be enlisting slightly detailed view of the energy audit results. The detailed technical reporting shall include the background information on energy using systems. An energy audit helps in understanding the behaviour and usage pattern of the appliances. The energy audit may cover a site or building in multiple ways. Energy audit can be used for different purposes for pointing out the areas where energy can be saved (Krarti, 2016). An energy audit programme may not work efficiently if the audit models are not clearly defined. The auditor must always listen t o the opinions of the client groups (Annunziata, Rizzi, Frey, 2014). A few benefits of energy audit are lower energy bills and increased energy savings. Certain cost-effective measures shall help in prioritizing the cost-effective measures to make the place more efficient. Energy audit can also help in improving the comfort level by detecting air leakage issue that may be creating an unhealthy and uncomfortable environment. The audit help in identifying the place of leakage and cost effective sealing options can be provided (Krarti, 2016). With the annual decrease in energy costs, the market value of the site shall increase. A site may experience unknown problems such as improper ventilation leading to growth of mildew or mould. Energy audit shall help in protecting the environment as the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced. The above benefits can justify the investment in energy audits (Resnet, 2016). For example, an energy audit is performed at an organization. The audit results revealed an envelope breach leading to energy wastage. The breach shall create negative pressure in the organization. The energy audit identified the discrepancy that must be fixed following a few techniques. The incandescent lights can be replaced with the new fluorescent lights. The appliances must always be turned off when they are not in use. These measures can help in saving energy by turning off even the smallest appliances when they are not connected (Greenchipstocks.com, 2016). Safety Safety culture is positive when the employees believe safety as a key value and equally important to productivity and quality during the business cycle. The job of a facility manager is to maintain the grounds and building of an organization. They look after various business services or non-core functions. A few core competencies of a facility manager is to manage communication, project management, emergency preparedness, operations and maintenance, technology, renovation projects, safety inspection and waste reduction improvements. Precisely, the facility managers operate at two levels: operational level and strategic level. At the operational level, the facility managers ensure corporate and cost effective environment (Barrett Baldry, 2013). The facility manager plays multiple roles in health and safety, security, cleaning, fire safety, business continuity planning, testing and inspections, and space allocation. Facility manager department in an organization may lead to loss of business, injury, insurance claim and prosecution. Every organization faces several maintenance and security issues. The organizations aim to protect employees from injuries, damage or loss of lives. The facility manager is supposed to inspect, test and maintain the place with compliance certificates. The facility managers are also required to organize cleaning operations effectively. The managers replenish consumables such as soap, toilet rolls, reactive response, litter picking and cleaning of toilets (Barrett Baldry, 2013). Facility management is responsible for maintaining and providing appropriate assets that help in implementing effective operational safety policies. One of the critical jobs of the facility manager is to protect the workers from occupational hazards. The manager may evaluate the tasks and job sites. Accordingly, the facility manager may develop a comprehensive safety program (Barrett Baldry, 2013). For many people, facility manager is a one-stop person. Life safety and fire is perhaps the most important area as they have knowledge about the operations, testing and inspection and policies and procedures. A safe environment is necessary to work in through proactive training, awareness and standard operating procedures. A facility manager at least knows about the sprinkler system, emergency planning, fire drills and storage practices. The facility managers develop and direct loss prevention strategies and obligations. The facility managers are responsible to support line managers for c omplying with legislation and continually improving performance. The facility managers are also responsible for directing and defining development of strategic health and safety environmental policies (Reason, 2016). There are a few concepts that are appropriate for facility managers and would help in maintaining safety. Firstly, the facility managers can conduct environmental scanning by analysing global trends and economic forecasting. The environmental scanning shall help in meeting the environmental challenges. Secondly, through scenario planning a strategic path can be created for developing outcome. Facility management looks after multiple disciplines for ensuring functionality by integrating place, people, technology and processes. Thirdly, facility management creates strategic paths and measures strategic adjustment (Atkin Brooks, 2012). Every organization must mention the defined plan of action as health and safety is the joint responsibility of management. Every employer intends to maintain a safe and healthy workplace for its employees. The organizations have their own way of doing things. The successful health and safety systems have committed managers that help in making the program work (Reason, 2016). The above factors are evident to say that safety is consistent with good business sense. Safety is necessary at all levels and functions of an organization such as planning, production, purchase, distribution and financial aspects. Safety must not be viewed as a separate function of aspect of business. It must be integrated with the multiple functions and must be taken care of regularly and continually. During the business planning cycle, safety must be integrated with every single function or activity that shall be performed by the workers (Reason, 2016). References Ahn, Y. H., Pearce, A. R., Wang, Y., Wang, G. (2013). Drivers and barriers of sustainable design and construction: The perception of green building experience.International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development,4(1), 35-45. Annunziata, E., Rizzi, F., Frey, M. (2014). Enhancing energy efficiency in public buildings: The role of local energy audit programmes.Energy Policy,69, 364-373. Atkin, B. Brooks, A. (2012). Total facilities management. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Barrett, P. Baldry, D. (2013). Facilities management. Osney Mead, Oxford, OX: Blackwell Science. Coaffee, J. (2013). Towards next-generation urban resilience in planning practice: from securitization to integrated place making.Planning Practice Research,28(3), 323-339. Dall'O, G. (2013).Green Energy Audit of Buildings. Springer London. Eichholtz, P., Kok, N., Quigley, J. M. (2013). The economics of green building.Review of Economics and Statistics,95(1), 50-63. Fleiter, T., Schleich, J., Ravivanpong, P. (2012). Adoption of energy-efficiency measures in SMEsan empirical analysis based on energy audit data from Germany.Energy Policy,51, 863-875. Glavinich, T. (2013).Contractor's guide to green building construction. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Greenchipstocks.com,. (2016).Example of a Home Energy Audit.Greenchipstocks.com. Retrieved 23 June 2016, from https://www.greenchipstocks.com/report/example-of-a-home-energy-audit/369 Kibert, C. (2012).Sustainable construction. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Krarti, M. (2016).Energy audit of building systems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. MacLaran, A. (2014).Making space: property development and urban planning. London: Arnold. Manuele, F. (2013).On the practice of safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Reason, J. (2016).Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate. Resnet,. (2016).Home Energy Audit Benefits | RESNET.RESNET. Retrieved 23 June 2016, from https://www.resnet.us/home-energy-audit-benefits Yung, E. H., Chan, E. H. (2012). Implementation challenges to the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings: Towards the goals of sustainable, low carbon cities.Habitat International,36(3), 352-361.

Museum Essays - Gilded Age, John Singer Sargent,

Museum MUSEUM TRIP When this project was brought to my attention at the beginning of the semester I didn't know what to expect. I didn't know much about the history of art or any of the specific terms that are used in the art world. I have been to museums in the past but that was when I was in elementary school and they didn't teach us any of the specific terms that they used in the art world. On the handout that you gave the class you wrote questions that you though would be helpful for us to answer to succeed on this paper. The museum that I decided to go to was the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. In the following paper I will discuss what the museum looked like, the tour that I went on. What I thought of the tour, the pieces of art in the tour. How I felt while I was in the museum and the discovery that I found out about myself about the type of art that catches my attention. When I arrived at the National Gallery of Art, the outside structure of the building took my breath away. From outside looking at the museum its size just astonished me. The big tall granite columns and the granite steps reminded me of ancient Greek architecture. Once I made it up the marble staircase I finally arrived inside the museum. When I got inside the museum I had entered from the back and I had to walk to the information desk. On my way to the information desk I look around the museum to se if anything on that floor caught my eye. The statue in the middle of the museum caught my I because it was a beautiful fountain and the sound of the water coming out of the statue made me think that it was beautiful. After looking at the fountain I made my way to the information desk to get a map and a list of the tours that were going on that day. I looked over the list and decided to go on the John Singer Sargent tour. When I arrived at the National Gallery of Art there where a lot of different tours that I could have went on. I decided that I wanted to go on the John Singer Sargent Tour because I had read about him and some of his works while doing my clipping collection. I also wanted to see some of his work because they were pictured in the Baltimore Sun. The paintings that were in the Baltimore Sun that I actually got to see up close was the Madame X and Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose. These two paintings in the sun were just black and white photos but in the museum their beauty was unbelievable and also there size was impressive. I had to wait in line for about 40 minutes before the tour started and it lasted about an hour I'd say. The first painting that you see when you are on the tour is the Madame X. Madame X is probably the painting that Sargent is most famous for. In the painting Madame Gautreau stance and provocative dress were thought to be eccentric and astonishing. Madame Gautreau mothe r wanted Sargent to take out of his show because she thought that the painting was to provocative. The other painting that was in the Baltimore Sun that I saw was Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose. This painting was Sargents masterpiece, during the period of art know as impressionism. He captured the effect of twilight with the artificial light of candle lanterns as the light reflected off the faces of the two children in this painting. There were more paintings that were on this tour but the one's I talked about were the ones that I was most interested in. Some of the other pieces of art that were on display were Fumee d'ambre gris (1880), Sortie de l'egilse(1882), The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit(1882), Enna and Betty, Daughters of Asher and Mrs. Wertheimer(1901), Lord Ribblesdale(1902), On the Grand Canal(1907), Palmettos(1917), Two Girls in White Dresses(1909-1911)and Nonchaloir(1911). Overall I thought that the tour was very informative and